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The modulatory potential of herbal antioxidants against oxidative stress and heavy metal pollution: plants against environmental oxidative stress

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Abstract

Free radicals, principally reactive oxygen species (ROS), contribute to oxidative stress in human beings. Free radicals have different mechanisms of action and affect lipids, proteins, and DNA. Heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic are environmental pollutants that may induce oxidative stress and produce ROS, leading to harmful effects on different body systems such as the liver and brain. On the other side, antioxidants can have protective effects against oxidative stress and decrease their toxicity. Herbal antioxidants have potential antioxidative effects. These antioxidants positively affect neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerotic diseases, lung fibrosis, kidney injuries, and liver toxicities induced by oxidative agents, including heavy metals. In this manuscript, we explained the mechanisms of oxidative stress, and also discussed heavy metals which contribute to human oxidative stress. We further discussed different herbal antioxidants, their mechanisms of action, and their clinical use for various diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Education Research Center, and Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Navid Omidifar

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi

  3. Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Amin Nakhostin-Ansari

  4. Health Policy Research Center, Health Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Kamran Bagheri Lankarani & Mohsen Moghadami

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan

    Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi

  6. Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada

    Seyyed Alireza Hashemi

  7. Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Ahmad Gholami

  8. Depatment of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Mansoureh Shokripour

  9. Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Zahra Ebrahimi

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  1. Navid Omidifar
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  2. Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
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  3. Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
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  9. Mansoureh Shokripour
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  10. Zahra Ebrahimi
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Contributions

Navid Omidifar had the idea for the article, and Zahra Ebrahimi performed the literature search and data analysis. Navid Omidifar, Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi, Amin Nakhostin-Ansari, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Mohsen Moghadami, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Ahmad Gholami, Mansoureh Shokripour, and Zahra Ebrahimi critically revised the work.

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Correspondence to Zahra Ebrahimi.

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Omidifar, ., Nili-Ahmadabadi, A., Nakhostin-Ansari, A. et al. The modulatory potential of herbal antioxidants against oxidative stress and heavy metal pollution: plants against environmental oxidative stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 61908–61918 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16530-6

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