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Technical-economic framework for designing of water pumping system based on photovoltaic clean energy with water storage for drinking application

  • Circular Economy for Global Water Security
  • Published:
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Abstract

In this paper, the technical-economic framework for designing of water pumping system based on photovoltaic clean energy with water tank storage is presented to supply drinking water of customers for remote areas. The objective function is to minimize the net present cost (NPC) (as economic index) including initial investment costs, maintenance, and replacement costs, and reliability constraint is defined as customer’s water not supplied probability (CWNSP) as technical index. A meta-heuristic intelligent water drops algorithm (IWDA) is proposed to optimize the solar water pumping system considering NPC and CWNSP with high accuracy and speed of optimization in achieving the global solution. The simulation results show that the proposed method is capable of responding to customer’s water demand by optimally sizing components and water storage tank based on IWDA which is inspired based on flowing the water drops in rivers by achieving the lowest cost with optimal reliability. The NPC of the system with CWNSP equal to 3.17 % is obtained 0.24 M$ for 6-m-high water extraction. The results showed that with increasing the water extraction height, the NPC increased, and the reliability also weakened. Moreover, the superiority of the IWDA is confirmed compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) in designing a water pumping system with the lowest NPC.

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Data availability

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Abbreviations

PPV :

Photovoltaic power

NPV :

Number of photovoltaic panels

ηPV :

Photovoltaic efficiency

APV :

Photovoltaic area

Gt :

Irradiance

ηr :

Reference module efficiency

ηpc :

Power stabilizer efficiency

β:

Generator efficiency’s temperature coefficient

Tc :

PV cell’s temperature (°C)

Tcref :

PV cell’s reference temperature (25 °C)

Pa :

Pump electrical input power

Q:

Output water

Qk :

Output water in iteration k

Qk − 1 :

Output water in iteration k-1

h:

Hour

SOC(t):

State of charge at t

SOC(t − 1):

State of charge at t-1

EPV :

Photovoltaic energy

EL :

Load energy

ηTank :

Tank efficiency

NTank :

Number of water tank

VTank :

Volume of the tank

NPC:

Net present cost

ICcap :

Initial investment cost

ICrep :

Replacement cost

ICmain :

Maintenance cost

CWNS :

Customer’s water not supply

CWNSP :

Customer’s water not supplied probability

WL :

Water demand

IWDA:

Intelligent water drops algorithm

T TB :

Total best solution

q(T TB):

Quality of TTB

vel IWD :

Velocity of IWD

av, bv, and cv :

Constant velocity parameters

HD(i, j):

Heuristic undesirability of moving from node i to node j

bj:

Profit of item j

InitVel:

Velocity of each IWD

ρn :

Local soil updating parameter

Pmax :

Rated power of PV panel

q :

Charge of electron = 1.6·10−19 As

k:

Boltzmann constant = 1.38·10−23 J/K

n:

Diode ideality factor

Rs :

Seri resistance

In :

Nominal current

Vnoc :

Open circuit voltage

Isc :

Short circuit current

Vmax :

Number of fuel cell

Imax :

Number of Inverter (Inv)

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Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Post-Doctoral Fellowship Scheme grant 05E09 and RUG grants 01M44, 02M18, 05G88, and 4B482) and Post-Doctoral fellow (Teaching & Learning) Scheme under MJIIT-UTM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of High Voltage & High Current, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Amirreza Naderipour & Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek

  2. Golestan Technical and Vocational Training Center, Golestan, Gorgan, Iran

    Saber Arabi Nowdeh

  3. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Golestan, Gorgan, Iran

    Manoochehr Babanezhad

  4. Roshdieh Higher Institute of Education, Tabriz, Iran

    Ebrahim Seifi Najmi

  5. Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Hesam Kamyab

Authors
  1. Amirreza Naderipour
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  2. Saber Arabi Nowdeh
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  3. Manoochehr Babanezhad
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  4. Ebrahim Seifi Najmi
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  5. Hesam Kamyab
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  6. Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek
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Contributions

Amirreza Naderipour: Writing—original draft and methodology. Saber Arabi Nowdeh: Codding, software, and validation. Manoochehr babanezhad: Visualization and optimization. Ebrahim Seifi Najmi: Conceptualization and optimization. Hesam Kamyab: Writing—reviewing and editing. Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek: Supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Naderipour, ., Nowdeh, S.A., Babanezhad, M. et al. Technical-economic framework for designing of water pumping system based on photovoltaic clean energy with water storage for drinking application. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16342-8

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