Abstract
Organic palygorskite (OP)–supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles composite (OP-Pd/Fe) was prepared by stepwise reduction method. The removal capacity of 4,4′-dibrominated diphenyl ether (BDE15) by OP-Pd/Fe was compared with other various materials. For better understanding the possible mechanism, the synthesized and reacted OP-Pd/Fe materials were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS, respectively. The effects of major influencing parameters on the degradation of BDE15 were also studied. Benefit from the synergistic effect of the carrier and bimetallic nanoparticles, BDE15 could be completely debrominated into diphenyl ether (DE) under suitable conditions. A two-stage adsorption/debromination removal mechanism was proposed. The degradation of BDE15 with OP-Pd/Fe was mainly stepwise debromination reaction, and hydrogen transfer mode was assumed as the dominated debromination mechanism. The removal process fitted well to the pseudo first-order kinetic equation. The observed rate constants increased with increasing Pd loading and OP-Pd/Fe dosage while decreased with increasing initial BDE15 concentration, the tetrahydrofuran/water ratio, and the initial pH of the solution. The work provides a new approach for the treatment of PBDEs pollution.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41877118, 41977356, and 21906141), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20181479), Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province (No. BY2020622), Jiangsu Province Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship training program (202110324008Z), Jiangsu Province Emergency Management Science and Technology Project (YJGL-TG-2020-10), Jiangsu Province Education Department Major Project (No.19KJA140003), Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund (No. CX(20)3169), and Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China.
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Jiang Shao, Yi Zhang, and Ziyan Chen performed the experimental work. Zongtang Liu conceptualized and revised the manuscript and supervised the work. Zhenghao Fei and Yufeng Sun participated in the drafting and revising of the manuscript. Xiaoju Wen, Weizhong Shi, and Dandan Wang participated in data analysis. Chenggang Gu reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Shao, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z. et al. Highly efficient debromination of 4,4′-dibrominated diphenyl ether by organic palygorskite–supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 4461–4473 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15997-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15997-7