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Effects of diurnal temperature range on cardiovascular disease hospital admissions in farmers in China’s Western suburbs

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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), reported to relate with climate change, is the leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Since the relevant information is quite limited from suburbs and countryside in developing and underdeveloped countries, there are no studies that focused on morbidity through diurnal temperature range (DTR) for these regions. This is the first study to evaluate the short-term effect of DTR on CVD hospital admission in suburban farmers, as well as to identify vulnerable subpopulations. Daily time series data of CVD hospital admissions on suburban farmers of Qingyang, China, and meteorological data from 2011 to 2015 were collected, and a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with a quasi-Poisson generalized additive regression model (GAM) was used to examine the exposure-response relationship and delayed effect between DTR and CVD hospital admissions. Stratified analyses by age and gender were performed and extreme DTR effects were examined. Non-linear relation between DTR and CVD hospital admissions was observed, and whether DTR lower or higher than the reference (13 °C, 50th percentile) had adverse effect while lower DTR have slightly higher impact. Also, both extreme low and extreme high DTR had adverse effect. Besides, adults (age < 65) and males were more vulnerable to the effects of DTR compared with the old (age ≥ 65) and females, respectively. This study provides evidence that not only high DTR but also low DTR had adverse effects on CVD which should be paid attention to. Adults and males were more vulnerable among suburban farmers. The results are inconsistent with the studies from urban and indicate differences between urban and suburban residents. Multiple factors such as occupations, risk awareness, and lifestyles could have a significant influence on CVD morbidity, and further study is needed to explore more evidence.

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Data availability

The datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Belt and Road Special Project of Lanzhou University (No. 2018ldbryb026), the Key Project of China Ministry of Education for Philosophy and Social Science (No. 16JZD023) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 020jbkyzy037).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China

    Qunwu Zha, Guorong Chai, Zhe-George Zhang, Yongzhong Sha & Yana Su

  2. Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China

    Qunwu Zha, Guorong Chai & Yongzhong Sha

  3. Research Center for Emergency Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China

    Qunwu Zha, Guorong Chai & Yongzhong Sha

  4. Department of Decision Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9077, USA

    Zhe-George Zhang

  5. Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada

    Zhe-George Zhang

  6. College of Economics and Management, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People’s Republic of China

    Yana Su

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  1. Qunwu Zha
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  2. Guorong Chai
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  3. Zhe-George Zhang
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  4. Yongzhong Sha
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Contributions

Conceptualization, G.Chai and G.Zhang. Methodology, Q.Zha. Validation, G.Zhang, Y.Su. Formal analysis, G.Chai. Resources, G.Chai, G.Zhang, Y.Sha. Data curation, Q.Zha. Writing—original draft preparation, Q.Zha. Writing—review and editing, Q.Zha, G.Chai, G.Zhang, Y.Sha. Supervision, G Chai, G.Zhang, and Y.Sha. Project administration, G.Chai and Y.Sha. Funding acquisition, G.Chai and Y.Sha.

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Correspondence to Guorong Chai or Zhe-George Zhang.

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This study needs no ethical approval for that no patient participated in this study, and the personal information about patients were fully protected, because the information collected in this study contains admission date, gender, age, date of discharge, place of residence, admission number, and did not include patient’s name and ID number.

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The data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

See 1. Supplemental-Material.docx for supplemental tables and figures, and 2. Supplemental-Material.xlsx for detailed cumulative RR values with 95% CIs for total and subgroups.

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Zha, Q., Chai, G., Zhang, ZG. et al. Effects of diurnal temperature range on cardiovascular disease hospital admissions in farmers in China’s Western suburbs. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 64693–64705 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15459-0

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