Abstract
This study assesses association between occupational and environmental pesticide exposure on pesticide applicators directly exposed to pesticides and inhabitants of the Cukurova region by analyzing blood and hair samples. Hair and blood samples were collected from 132 volunteers, 66 of whom are pesticide applicators, and the rest are non-farmer residents, in 10 villages nearby the Ceyhan River between March and June in 2017. Samples were then analyzed via the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. As the analysis result, a total number of 31 pesticides were detected in hair samples, whereas a total number of 15 pesticides were observed in blood samples. Twenty of the pesticides (64.5%) detected in the hair and 3 (20%) detected in the blood were significantly higher in the applicators than the non-farm residents. Also, 5 pesticides (16.1%) observed in the hair and 7 observed (46.6%) in the blood were banned pesticides. This study investigated the pesticide exposures on people living in the region via hair and blood samples. Our study revealed that, in addition to individuals who are occupationally exposed to pesticides, individuals from all parts of the society, especially those living in the agricultural region, have a certain level of pesticide exposure.
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Funding
Fundings were received for project numbered TTU-2017-7863 from Cukurova University Scientific Research Project Unit.
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Saliha Celik: investigation, methodology, validation, writing-original draft preparation, visualization. Muhsin Akbaba: visualization, investigation, reviewing and editing. Ersin Nazlıcan: investigation, methodology, writing, reviewing. Ismail Ethem Goren: visualization, writing, reviewing and editing, supervision, data curation, software. Evsen Yavuz Guzel: data curation, reviewing and editing. Nebile Daglioglu: visualization, investigation, methodology conceptualization, supervision, data curation, writing, editing, reviewing.
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All subjects were informed about the aim of the study and signed written informed consent before onset of work. This study was approved by The Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Cukurova University (Registration number: TTU-2017-7863).
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The authors declare no competing interests.
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Çelik, S., Akbaba, M., Nazlıcan, E. et al. Association between occupational and environmental pesticide exposure in Cukurova region by hair and blood biomonitoring. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 63191–63201 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15227-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15227-0