Abstract
Proper disposal of the millions of tons of eggshell waste generated around the world every year is a significant environmental challenge. However, eggshell waste can be converted into new materials that may be useful for a wide range of applications. In this study, four methods, including the conventional subcritical hydrothermal method (CSHM), microwave-assisted subcritical hydrothermal method (MSHM), conventional low-temperature hydrothermal method (CLHM), and ultrasonic-assisted low-temperature hydrothermal method (ULHM) were used to convert eggshell waste into hydroxyapatite (HAP). For each hydrothermal method, increasing the reaction temperature increased production efficiency and improved the degree of crystallinity of HAP. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the preferred eggshell-derived HAP, which was produced by the MSHM at 180 °C in a period of only 1 h. For the MSHM, the HAP yield was 75.3%, the degree of HAP crystallinity was as high as 0.78, and pure, rod-like, nano-sized HAP particles with high specific surface area were produced. For the preferred HAP produced by the MSHM, the adsorption capacity of Pb2+and pH were positively related in the range of pH 1–6. Consequently, the HAP produced by the MSHM showed relatively high maximum adsorption (qm= 505.05 mg/g) of Pb2+ in aqueous solution. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order reaction model, and the equilibrium adsorption was well fit by the Langmuir model.
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This work was financially supported by the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology under Grant no.CSTC2017jcyjAX0035.
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Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology under Grant no.CSTC2017jcyjAX0035
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Dezhi Shi contributed to the conception of the study, and moreover, wrote, revised and finalized the manuscript;
Haihang Tong performed the experiment and wrote the manuscript;
Mengying Lv, Dan Luo and Pan Wang performed the experiment;
Xiaoyi Xu performed the data analyzes of adsorption study and wrote the manuscript;
Zhiyong Han helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions on the characterization (XRD, SEM, FTIR) of synthesized HAP;
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Shi, D., Tong, H., Lv, M. et al. Optimization of hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite from chicken eggshell waste for effective adsorption of aqueous Pb(II). Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 58189–58205 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14772-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14772-y