Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine whether Cr(VI) can induce inflammatory injury in chicken brain and influence mitophagy and related mechanisms. A total of 120 hyline brown chickens (1 day old, 20±3g) were selected and randomly divided into four groups and given different doses of Cr(VI) (0, 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg) every day at 45 days. Results showed that excessive intake of Cr(VI) led to increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and decreased interferon-gamma (IF-γ) level. Cr(VI) increased the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chicken brain cells, causing the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and formation of autophagosomes for mitophagy. In addition, Cr(VI) promoted the translocation of Parkin to the mitochondrial outer membrane, increased LC3-II protein level, and inhibited p62 and TOM20 protein expression. In conclusion, excessive Cr(VI) intake can induce inflammatory injury and mitophagy in chicken brain.
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Funding
This project was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 31872535), the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (Important Science and Technology Innovation Project) (2019JZZY010735), Shandong Natural Science Foundation of China (ZR2018MC027), Shandong Key R&D Program (GG201809160113), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M632704, 2019T120601), and Funds of Shandong “Double Tops” Program.
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Conceptualization, Jianzhu Liu; Data curation, Shuhua Guo and Liping Li; Formal analysis, Lumei Wang and Guodong Cheng; Investigation, Meihua Zhang; Methodology, Shuhua Guo and Yuxiao Xing; Project administration, Jianzhu Liu and Yongxia Liu; Resources, Xiaona Zhao; Software, Sha Jiang; Supervision, Jianzhu Liu and Yongxia Liu; Validation, Yuxiao Xing; Visualization, Meihua Zhang; Writing – original draft, Shuhua Guo and Liping Li; Writing – review and editing, Yongxia Liu.
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The animal care and use procedures applied in the study were conducted under the protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU 2018-056).
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Guo, S., Wang, X., Wang, L. et al. Inflammatory injury and mitophagy of the brain in chicken exposed to Cr(VI). Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 42353–42361 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13675-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13675-2