Abstract
Organic matter has an important role in biogeochemistry in aquatic environments. This study investigated impact of suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) on fluorescence signal of mixtures of three water types (river water RW, sea water SW, effluent wastewater WW) using fluorescence (excitation-emission matrix, EEM) spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and multilinear regression. Four irradiation experiments (Expt-1, Expt-2, Expt-3, and Expt-4) were conducted during different times of the year ( two in autumn, one in winter, and one in spring season). Samples were exposed to natural sunlight on laboratory rooftop in University of Toulon, France, with another set of samples kept in dark as control samples. Three component (C1, C2, C3) model was validated by split-half and Concordia from the whole EEM dataset of all irradiation experiments. No protein-like fluorophores was found. The study revealed the effect of SPOM presence/absence on fluorescence signal of DOM and on resulting parameters of multilinear regression MLR model and kinetic constant of these MLR parameters. Kinetic constant (k) for all MLR coefficients was in order of greatness as Expt-1 (SPOM of WW only in mixtures) > Expt-3 (SPOM of SW only in mixtures) > Expt-2 (SPOM of RW only in mixtures)> Expt-4 (SPOM of RW + SW + WW in mixtures) indicating that SPOM of WW is the most resistant to photodegradation. For dark control samples, only relative standard deviation RSD could be calculated from dataset. RSD values for C3 were the highest indicating its chaotic variations, and the lowest RSD values were found for both C1 and C2 for all experiments. Statistical differences has been found between control and irradiated experiments. These models developed in this study can be used to predict fluorescence signal of anthropogenic effluent DOM during its transport in river systems to coastal zone.
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Acknowledgements
We are thankful toward Christian Martino and Gael Durrieu for being available in each sampling campaign.
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This work was funded by Hermes Program—from European commission through its Erasmus Mundus foundation; in addition to the funding from Campus France through its research grant Al Maqdisi PHC Project No. 40229SD.
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Ibrahim EL-Nahhal: funding acquisition, conceptualization, methodology, writing—reviewing and editing; Roland Redon: software—reviewing; Michel Raynaud: software—reviewing; Yasser EL-Nahhal: funding acquisition, reviewing, and editing; Stéphane Mounier: funding acquisition, supervision, project administration, reviewing, and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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EL-Nahhal, I., Redon, R., Raynaud, M. et al. Modelling of impact of presence/absence of suspended particulate organic matter from river and sea and effluent wastewater on fluorescence signal in the coastal area of Gapeau River. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 36707–36726 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13265-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13265-2