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Occurrence of micropollutants in the Yesilirmak River Basin, Turkey

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Abstract

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC) is the most visionary piece of European environmental legislation that aims to achieve good water status of both surface water and groundwater bodies. The Directive provides a fundamental basis for surface water monitoring activities in the European Member States. The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of micropollutants in the Yesilirmak River and to develop a cost-effective monitoring strategy based on spatiotemporal data. A 2-year seasonal monitoring program was conducted between 2016 and 2018, and the water samples were analyzed for 45 priority substances as defined by the WFD and 250 national river basin–specific pollutants. In the basin, 166 pollutants were quantified in at least one of the samples with individual concentrations ranging from 6 × 10−6μg/L to 100 mg/L. Fifty-four pollutants with a frequency of occurrence greater than 5% were selected for further evaluation. Based on statistical evaluation of the data, 20 pollutants were identified as the pollutants of primary concern. These 20 pollutants were grouped under three categories (metals, biocides, and industrial organic compounds) and their spatiotemporal distributions in the basin were assessed to establish a monitoring strategy specific to each pollutant category. The results of the study revealed that the common season for the monitoring of all pollutant categories was the spring. This study provides a generic methodology for the development of a cost-effective water quality monitoring strategy, which can be applicable for use in different basins and pollutant datasets.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out within the scope of Project: “Management of Point and Diffuse Pollutant Sources in the Yesilirmak River Basin” (Project Code: 115Y013) and supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey—Environment, Atmosphere, Earth and Marine Sciences Research Grant Committee (CAYDAG). The authors would like to thank a group of researchers from the Environmental Engineering Department of Munzur University and Fırat University and the Environmental and Cleaner Production Institute of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey—Marmara Research Center for their excellent assistance in sampling and analyses.

Funding

This study was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey—Environment, Atmosphere, Earth and Marine Sciences Research Grant Committee (CAYDAG) (Project Code: 115Y013).

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  1. Tolga Pilevneli

    Present address: Water Management Institute, Ankara University, 06135, Ankara, Turkey

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Elif Kucuk, Tolga Pilevneli, Kahraman Unlu, Filiz B. Dilek & Ulku Yetis

  2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Tunceli Vocation School, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey

    Gokhan Onder Erguven

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Fırat University, 23200, Elazig, Turkey

    Sibel Aslan & Ubeyde Ipek

  4. Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Elmas Ö. Olgun, Oltan Canlı & Gulsen Avaz

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Contributions

EK: prepared the original draft, designed the methodology, applied statistical techniques to interpret data

TP: designed the methodology, applied statistical techniques to interpret data, visualized data, reviewed and edited the paper

GOE: performed field trips and sample collections

SA: performed field trips and sample collections

EOO: conducted the analyses of priority and river basin–specific pollutants

OC: conducted the analyses of priority and river basin–specific pollutants

KU: managed and coordinated responsibility for the research activity planning and execution

FBD: managed and coordinated responsibility for the research activity planning and execution

UI: managed and coordinated responsibility for the research activity planning and execution

GA: managed and coordinated responsibility for the research activity planning and execution

UY: supervised the study, designed the methodology, reviewed and edited the paper

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ulku Yetis.

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Kucuk, E., Pilevneli, T., Onder Erguven, G. et al. Occurrence of micropollutants in the Yesilirmak River Basin, Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 24830–24846 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13013-6

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