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Converting rice husk to biochar reduces bamboo soil N2O emissions under different forms and rates of nitrogen additions

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Abstract

The effects of biochar application combined with different forms and rates of inorganic nitrogen (N) addition on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from forest soils have not been well documented. A microcosm experiment was conducted to study the effects of rice husk and its biochar in combination with the addition of N fertilizers in different forms (ammonium [NH4+] and nitrate [NO3−]) and rates (equivalent to 150 and 300 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on N2O emissions from Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) soils. The application of rice husk significantly increased cumulative N2O emissions under the addition of both NO3−-N and NH4+-N. Biochar significantly reduced cumulative N2O emissions by 15.2 and 5.8 μg N kg−1 when co-applied with the low and high rates of NO3−–N, respectively, compared with the respective NO3−-N addition rate without biochar. There was no significant difference in soil N2O emissions between the two NH4+-N addition rates, and cumulative N2O emission decreased with increasing soil NH4+-N concentration, mainly due to the toxic effect caused by the excessive NH4+-N on soil N2O production from the nitrification process. Cumulative N2O emissions recorded 18.74 and 14.04 μg N kg−1 under low and high rates of NO3−-N addition, respectively, which were higher than those produced by NH4+-N addition. Our study demonstrated that the conversion of rice husk to biochar could reduce N2O emissions under the addition of different N forms and rates. Moreover, rice husk or its biochar in combination with NH4+-N fertilizer produced less N2O in Lei bamboo soil, compared with NO3−-N fertilizer.

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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Xiuling Wang and Gaodi Zhu for their help in laboratory work and data analyses.

Funding

This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877085, 41877088), Research and Development Fund of Zhejiang A&F University (2018FR005, 2018FR006), and Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University (ZY20180301, ZY20180205).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China

    Rong Zhou, Ali El-Naggar, Yongfu Li, Yanjiang Cai & Scott X. Chang

  2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China

    Rong Zhou, Ali El-Naggar, Yongfu Li & Yanjiang Cai

  3. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada

    Scott X. Chang

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Contributions

Yanjiang Cai and Rong Zhou conceived the study. Rong Zhou conducted the experiment and wrote the first draft. Ali El-Naggar improved the figures and tables. Yanjiang Cai, Scott X. Chang, Ali El-Naggar, and Yongfu Li edited the draft and provided editorial advice. All authors reviewed the final manuscript.

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Zhou, R., El-Naggar, A., Li, Y. et al. Converting rice husk to biochar reduces bamboo soil N2O emissions under different forms and rates of nitrogen additions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 28777–28788 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12744-w

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