Abstract
The increased CO2 quantities in the environment have led to many harmful effects. Therefore, it is very important to decrease the CO2 levels in the environment. CO2 capture along with safe and permanent storage using mineral CO2 sequestration method can play an important role to reduce carbon emissions into the environment. Mineral sequestration is a stable storage method that provides long-term storage and an appropriate substitute for the more popular geological storage method. The process is most suited for places where there is a lack of underground cavities for underground geological storage. Minerals rich in Ca and Mg are used predominantly in carbonation reactions. In addition, those alkaline wastes that are rich in Mg and Ca such as cement waste, steel slag and many process ashes can also be employed in CO2 sequestration. Mineral carbonation could be used for the sequestration of billions of tonnes of CO2 every year. However, various drawbacks related to mineral carbonation still need to be addressed, such as resolving the slow rate of reactions, necessity of large amounts of feedstock, decreasing the high overall cost of CO2 sequestration and reducing the huge energy requirements to accelerate the carbonation reaction. This study explores a number of carbonation methods, parameters that control the process and future potential applications of carbonated products.
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This study is partially funded by a grant from the Consortium for Clean Coal Utilization (McDonnell Academy, St. Louis, USA).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Literature search, data analysis and first draft of the manuscript were written by Dr. Shashikant Yadav. Prof. Anurag Mehra critically revised the work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Yadav, S., Mehra, A. A review on ex situ mineral carbonation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 12202–12231 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12049-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12049-4