Abstract
Photocatalysts are environmentally friendly materials that can be used to degrade vehicle exhaust. CeO2–Bi2O3 loaded on white carbon and tourmaline, as the favorable absorption materials, was prepared respectively for vehicle exhaust photocatalytic purification. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to characterize the composite materials. The optimum contents of the loading materials were obtained from the comparison of purification efficiency of vehicle exhaust components after a 60-min photocatalytic reaction under visible and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, including hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The results show that the proposed preparation method could improve particle dispersion and distribution uniformity, reduce particle agglomeration, and increase specific surface area. The optical response range of the CeO2–Bi2O3 with loading materials can be extended from UV light to visible light. CeO2–Bi2O3 loaded on tourmaline show excellent photocatalytic purification effect under visible light. The purification efficiency of CeO2–Bi2O3 loaded on tourmaline for HC, CO, CO2, and NOx were 30.8%, 30.6%, 35.3%, and 47.6%, respectively. Moreover, the concentrations of vehicle exhaust components decrease with time, which is well fitted by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo-first-order kinetics model, and the purification rate constant of CeO2–Bi2O3 composites under visible light is greater than that under UV light. The prepared photocatalytic materials also exhibit the excellent reusability.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Ai Z, Huang Y, Lee S, Zhang L (2011) Monoclinic alpha-Bi2O3 photocatalyst for efficient removal of gaseous NO and HCHO under visible light irradiation. J Alloys Compd 509(5):2044–2049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.10.132
Assadi AA, Palau J, Bouzaza A, Wolbert D (2013) Modeling of a continuous photocatalytic reactor for isovaleraldehyde oxidation: effect of different operating parameters and chemical degradation pathway. Chem Eng Res Des 91(7):1307–1316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2013.02.020
Assadi AA, Palau J, Bouzaza A, Wolbert D (2014) Isovaleraldehyde elimination by UV/TiO2 photocatalysis: comparative study of the process at different reactors configurations and scales. Environ Pollut Res Int 21(19):11178–11188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2603-7
Assadi AA, Loganathan S, Tri PN, Ghaida SG, Bouzaza A, Tuan AN, Wolbert D (2018) Pilot scale degradation of mono and multi volatile organic compounds by surface discharge plasma/TiO2 reactor: Investigation of competition and synergism. J Hazard Mater 357:305–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.007
Baek MH, Yoon JW, Hong JS, Suh JK (2013) Application of TiO2-containing mesoporous spherical activated carbon in a fluidized bed photoreactor-adsorption and photocatalytic activity. Appl Catal A-Gen 450:222–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.10.018
Chen M, Chu JW (2011) NOx photocatalytic degradation on active concrete road surface-from experiment to real-scale application. J Clean Prod 19(11):1266–1272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.03.001
Choudhary S, Sahu K, Bisht A, Singhal R, Mohapatra S (2020) Template-free and surfactant-free synthesis of CeO2 nanodiscs with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Appl Surf Sci 503:144102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144102
Cui S, Li R, Ma W, Li M, Cui J, Pei J (2018) Preparation, photocatalytic properties investigation and degradation rate study on nano-TiO2 aerogels doped with Fe3+ for automobile emission purification. Mater Res Express 5(11):115513. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aadf1c
Cui S, Li R, Zhu C, Pei J, Wen Y (2020a) Cerium-bismuth solid solution material prepared and application in automobile exhaust purification. Sep Purif Technol 239:116520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116520
Cui Y, Nengzi LC, Gou J, Huang Y, Li B, Cheng X (2020b) Fabrication of dual Z-scheme MIL-53(Fe)/a-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 ternary composite with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance. Sep Purif Technol 232:115959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115959
Dhatarwal P, Sengwa RJ (2020) Tunable beta-phase crystals, degree of crystallinity, and dielectric properties of three-phase PVDF/PEO/SiO2 hybrid polymer nanocomposites. Mater Res Bull 129:110901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2020.110901
Fadeyi O, Mousseau J, Feng Y (2016) Visible-light-driven photocatalytic initiation of radical thiol-ene reactions using bismuth oxide. Org Lett 47(23):5756–5759. https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201616079
Hakimi M, Morvaridi M, Hosseini HA, Alimard P (2019) Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3-Al2O3 nanocomposite. Polyhedron 170:523–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.029
Hsieh SH, Manivel A, Lee GJ, Wu JJ (2013) Synthesis of mesoporous Bi2O3/CeO2 microsphere for photocatalytic degradation of Orange II dye. Mater Res Bull 48(10):4174–4180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.06.049
Hu Z, Xu T, Fang B (2017) Photocatalytic degradation of vehicle exhaust using Fe-doped TiO2 loaded on activated carbon. Appl Surf Sci 420:34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.091
Hu D, Li R, Li M, Pei J, Guo F, Zhang S (2018) Photocatalytic efficiencies of WO3/TiO2 nanoparticles for exhaust decomposition under UV and visible light irradiation. Mater Res Express 5(9):0950295. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aad837
Jiang N, Zhao Y, Qiu C, Shang K, Lu N, Li J, Wu Y, Zhang Y (2019) Enhanced catalytic performance of CoOx-CeO2 for synergetic degradation of toluene in multistage sliding plasma system through response surface methodology (RSM). Appl Catal B-Environ 259:118061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118061
Jo WK, Kang HJ (2015) Photocatalysis of sub-ppm limonene over multiwalled carbon nanotubes/titania composite nanofiber under visible-light irradiation. J Hazard Mater 283:680–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.067
Li T (2018) Investigation on preparation and electrochemical performance of CeO2-based composite materials. Dissertation, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
Li H, Hao Y, Lu H, Liang L, Wang Y, Qiu J, Wang Y, Yao J (2015) A systematic study on visible-light N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst obtained from ethylenediamine by sol-gel method. Appl Surf Sci 344:112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.03.071
Liu S, Cao Y, Li M, Kilaru P, Smith T, Toner S (2008) A semantics- and data-driven SOA for biomedical multimedia systems. in: 2008 Tenth IEEE Int Symp Multimed pp. 533–538. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISM.2008.114.
Liu X, He L, Chen X, Du L, Gu X, Wang S, Fu M, Dong F, Huang H (2019) Facile synthesis of CeO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with significantly improved visible-light photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. Int J Hydrogen Energ 44(31):16154–16163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene
Mahlalela LC, Casado C, Marugán J, Septien S, Ndlovu T, Dlamini LN (2019) Synthesis of platelet-like BiVO4 using hyperbranched polyethyleneimine for the formation of heterojunctions with Bi2O3. Appl Nanosci 9(7):1501–1514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-00977-8
Navalon S, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Álvaro M, Garcia H (2013) Photocatalytic CO2 reduction using non-titanium metal oxides and sulfides. Chemsuschem 6(4):562–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201200670
Paparazzo E, Ingo G, Zacchetti N (1991) X-ray induced reduction effects at CeO2 surfaces: an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study. J Vac Sci Technol A 9(3):1416–1420. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.577638
Sharma B, Ameta R, Kaur J (2015) Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide over ferrocyanide-coated titanium dioxide powder. Int J Energy Res 21(10):923–929. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-114X(199708)21:10<923::AID-ER299>3.0.CO;2-B
Subramani AK, Byrappa K, Kumaraswamy GN, Ravikumar HB, Ranganathaiah C, Lokanatha Rai KM, Ananda S, Yoshimura M (2007) Hydrothermal preparation and characterization of TiO2:AC composites. Mater Lett 61:4828–4831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.03.050
Vaisman E, Kabir MF, Kantzas A, Langford CH (2005) A fluidized bed photoreactor exploiting a supported photocatalyst with adsorption pre-concentration capacity. J Appl Electrochem 35(7-8):675–681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-005-1389-1
Varghese OK, Paulose M, LaTempa TJ, Grimes CA (2009) High-rate solar photocatalytic conversion of CO2 and water vapor to hydrocarbon fuels. Nano Lett 10(2):731–737. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl803258p
Wang Q, Yu S, Tan Z, Zhang R, Li Z, Gao X, Shen B, Su H (2015) Synthesis of monodisperse Bi2O3-modified CeO2 nanospheres with excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light. Crystengcomm 17(3):671–677. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CE02053G
Xu J, Chen M, Fu D (2011) Study on highly visible light active Bi-doped TiO2 composite hollow sphere. Applied Surface Sci 257(17):7381–7386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.02.030
Yao J (2019) Preparation and photocatalytic activity of CeO2 composites. Dissertation, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics
Ye S, Wang R, Wu MZ, Yuan YP (2015) A review on g-C3N4 for photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 reduction. Appl Surf Sci 358:15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APSUSC.2015.08.173
Zeng Y, Li H, Xia Y, Wang L, Luo S (2020) Co3o4 nanocrystals with oxygen vacancy-rich and highly reactive (222) facet on carbon nitride scaffolds for efficient photocatalytic oxygen evolution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:44608–44616. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c09761
Zhang S, Chang CR, Huang ZQ, Li J, Wu Z, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Qu Y (2016) High catalytic activity and chemoselectivity of sub-nanometric Pd clusters on porous nanorods of CeO2 for hydrogenation of nitroarenes. J Am Chem Soc 138(8):2629–2637. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b11413
Zhang J, Qu L, Wu Y, Ma Y, Chai Z, Wang X (2019) Fabrication of visible-light-driven Bi2O3-Bi3TaO7 nanocomposite for tetracycline degradation with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. J Solid State Chem 278:120894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2019.120894
Zhao J, Yang X (2003) Photocatalytic oxidation for indoor air purification: a literature review. Build Environ 38:645–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(02)00212-3
Zhu H, Qin Z, Shan W, Shen W, Wang J (2004) Pd/CeO2–TiO2 catalyst for CO oxidation at low temperature: a TPR study with H2 and CO as reducing agents. J Catal 225:267–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2004.04.006
Funding
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51978068), the Department of Science & Technology of Shaanxi Province (2020JM-217), the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central College of Chang’an University (310821173501), the Qinghai Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project (2017-SF-134), and the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central College of Chang’an University (300102217724).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Yanqiu Bi: methodology, investigation, writing—original draft preparation. Rui Li: supervision. Fucheng Guo: resources, data curation, writing—reviewing and editing. Chundong Zhu: writing—reviewing and editing, visualization. Jianzhong Pei: conceptualization, formal analysis, supervision.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable
Consent for publication
Not applicable
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible editor: Sami Rtimi
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Appendix
Appendix
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bi, Y., Li, R., Guo, F. et al. Photocatalytic purification of vehicle exhaust using CeO2–Bi2O3 loaded on white carbon and tourmaline. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 17724–17738 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11899-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11899-2