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Metal(loid) bioaccessibility of atmospheric particulate matter from mine tailings at Zimapan, Mexico

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Abstract

Metal(loid)s are contaminants of concern emitted as particulate matter (PM) from several pollution sources. The objective was to characterize potential exposure from local airborne metal(loid)s in a community in proximity to mine tailings. Air samples were collected weekly at five sites around the municipal mine tailings using two Hi-volume samplers for simultaneously collecting PM10 and PM2.5. Total suspended particulates (TSP), concentrations, speciation, and bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s were quantified. The size and form of particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy. The concentration of TSP (μg m−3) in the airborne samples ranged from 21.2 to 64.6 for PM2.5 and 23.6 to 80.1 for PM10. The profiles of analyzed quasi-total metal(loid) concentration from all sampling sites were similar between these aerosols PM sizes except at site 2 for Cd, at site 3 for Cu, and site 4 for Zn. The order of quasi-total metal(loid) concentration, in the airborne samples for both PM sizes, was As > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Mn > Cd. As speciation included As-sulfite, As(III)-O, and As(V)-O with less concentration of As(III)-O in both PM sizes. Bioaccessible metal(loid) concentrations were very high and represented a great percentage from the quasi-total airborne concentrations, for instance, 10% and 37% for Pb and 8% and 6% for As in pulmonary and gastric bioaccessible concentrations, respectively. Knowing the toxic effects of these pollutants, there is an urgent need to establish environmental regulation of bioaccessible pollutant concentrations from PM dislodged from uncovered metal(loid) mine tailings affecting not only nearby human populations but also possible long-distance ecosystem transport.

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Acknowledgments

This research is part of the project: risk and vulnerability due to wind and lixiviates dispersion of mine residues PDCPN1023-01-215241. Thanks are given to the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) for a master scholarship. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Although EPA contributed to this article, the research presented was not performed by or funded by EPA and was not subject to EPA’s quality system requirements.

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  1. Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México Texcoco km, 36.5, CP 56230, Montecillo, Mexico

    Jesús Eulises Corona Sánchez, Ma del Carmen Angeles González Chávez, Rogelio Carrillo González & José L. García Cue

  2. Office of Research & Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA

    Kirk Scheckel

  3. Laboratorio de Microscopia Electrónica, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico

    Daniel Tapia Maruri

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  1. Jesús Eulises Corona Sánchez
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Contributions

This publication is a product of collaboration of experts on different research fields. J.E.C.S. collaborated in the design and followed the experiments and the evaluation of results. M.C.G.C. participated with her knowledge on contamination by mine residues. R.C.G. contributed with his expertise on soil and environmental chemistry and the fate of elements in the environment. Both researchers designed the experiments, made sampling and chemical analysis, and wrote the manuscript. K.S. provided facilities, technical and operational guidance for synchrotron analysis, and discussion of these results. D.T.M. followed on analysis and discussion on TEM to study particle morphology and distribution in airborne samples. J.L.G.C. was involved in the statistical design and analysis of experiments. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.

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Correspondence to Rogelio Carrillo González.

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Corona Sánchez, J.E., González Chávez, M.d.C.A., Carrillo González, R. et al. Metal(loid) bioaccessibility of atmospheric particulate matter from mine tailings at Zimapan, Mexico. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 19458–19472 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11887-6

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