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Modulation of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects of fractions from Cassia fistula L. on human cervical HeLa and breast MCF-7 cancer cells

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Abstract

The present study investigated the antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties of extracts of Cassia fistula prepared by sequentially fractionation of 80% methanolic (CaLM extract) extract of C. fistula leaves, namely CaLH (hexane), CaLC (chloroform), CaLE (ethyl acetate), CaLB (n-butanol), and CaLA (aqueous) fractions. The antimutagenicity of the fractions was tested against mutagens viz. S9-independent, namely 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98) and sodium azide (TA100) and S9-dependent, 2-AF (2-aminofluorene). Among the tested fractions, CaLE fraction showed a potent efficacy with an inhibition percentage of 85.57% (TA98) and 89.93% (TA100) against the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminofluorene. The CaLE fraction could significantly scavenge free radicals in various assays, namely DPPH, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays with an IC50 of 12.80, 144, and 257.3 μg/ml respectively. The antiproliferative potential of the effective CaLE fraction was assessed using MTT assay against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells with GI50 value of 243.4 and 324.6 μg/ml respectively. The fraction exhibited remarkable apoptosis-inducing effects through the externalization of phosphatidylserine in HeLa cells as analyzed by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay. The HPLC analysis of CaLE revealed the presence of catechin, epiafzelechin, and chlorogenic acid which are responsible for its antimutagenic and antiproliferative efficacy.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the DST-PURSE (SR/S9/Z-23/2010/20(C); dated 02/6/2011) Programme, Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi (India); FIST Programme of DST; and DRS-SAP (II) Programme of UGC, India, for the financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Sandeep Kaur, Ajay Kumar, Kritika Pandit & Satwinderjeet Kaur

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  1. Sandeep Kaur
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  2. Ajay Kumar
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  4. Satwinderjeet Kaur
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The manuscript is drafted and critically revised by S.J.K. and S.K. The experiments are performed and the literature is reviewed by S.K. The data is statistically analyzed and interpreted by S.K., A.K., and K.P.

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Correspondence to Satwinderjeet Kaur.

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Highlights

• CaLE fraction of C. fistula rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds modulated the mutagenicity of 2-aminofluorene and base-pair substitution of mutagen, sodium azide.

• An ethyl acetate fraction (CaLE) was observed to be a potent scavenger of free radicals as tested in in vitro assays.

• The marked antiproliferative activity of CaLE may be attributed to its apoptosis-inducing potential in cancer cells.

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Kaur, S., Kumar, A., Pandit, K. et al. Modulation of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects of fractions from Cassia fistula L. on human cervical HeLa and breast MCF-7 cancer cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 6619–6634 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10771-7

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