Abstract
Data (N = 11614) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 1999–2016 for US adults aged ≥ 20 years were analyzed by fitting regression models to estimate unadjusted and adjusted geometric means (AGM) for several different groups of smokers. Serum cotinine level ≥ 3.3 ng/mL was used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers. AGMs for cigarette only, cigar only, dual cigarette/cigar, e-cigarette or dual e-cigarette/cigarette, and smokeless tobacco only smokers were estimated to be 152.5, 65.1, 92.5, 146.3, and 272.0 ng/mL, respectively. Males were found to have higher cotinine levels than females for dual cigarette and cigar smokers, but the reverse was observed for smokeless tobacco users. Non-Hispanic blacks had higher AGMs than non-Hispanic whites for cigarette only smokers, but the reverse was observed for dual cigarette and cigar smokers. For the first time, serum cotinine estimates for those self-reported nonsmokers who were classified to be smokers (29.4 ng/mL) and those smokers for whom self-reported data for use of tobacco products were missing were also estimated (113.8 ng/mL).
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All data used for analysis for this study are in public domain and available free of charge at www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm.
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The responsibility of executing every aspect of this study was borne by Ram B. Jain. This included conceptualizing and designing the study; generating study database; deciding the methods of statistical analysis; conducting the data analysis; generating, tabulating, and interpreting the study results; and ultimately, writing, reviewing, revising, and finalizing the study manuscript.
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All data used for analysis for this study are in public domain and available free of charge at www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm
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Jain, R.B. Re-visiting serum cotinine concentrations among various types of smokers including cigarette only smokers: some new, previously unreported results. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 3149–3161 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10677-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10677-4