Abstract
The evaluation of the concentration of pesticides in drinking water presents a real concern. In this study, a simple and rapid method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and electron capture detectors was developed aiming at multiclass determination of 23 pesticides regulated by the Brazilian legislation. The extraction was carried out by direct immersion mode (DI-SPME) using DVB/Car/PDMS fiber coating. In order to improve the extraction efficiency, parameters such as temperature, salting-out effect, and extraction time were optimized. The method was evaluated using drinking water samples spiked with the analytes at different concentrations, and it showed good linearity in the range studied. The values obtained for limits of quantification (LOQ) were below the limits established by Brazilian regulations. Accuracy and precision of the method exhibited satisfactory results, providing relative recoveries from 70 to 123.34% at three spiked levels, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.53 to 24.8%. The method was applied in 20 drinking water samples from 13 cities in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Funding
The authors are grateful to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC) process number 455/2016, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) process number 303892/2014-5, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) finance code 001 for financial support and Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). In addition, Vigilância Sanitária do Estado de Santa Catarina for the sample collection.
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do Carmo, S.N., Mendes, L.D., Corazza, G. et al. Determination of pesticides of different chemical classes in drinking water of the state of Santa Catarina (Brazil) using solid-phase microextraction coupled to chromatographic determinations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 43870–43883 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10287-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10287-0