Abstract
Modern technologies (especially with the help of autonomous measurement and control systems) introduced automatic composters for the disposal of household food waste production. Environmental risks connected with the utilization of these composts can be characterized by the high electrical conductivity caused by a presence of sodium chloride in food. Electrical conductivity influences the ecotoxicity of the composts. The presence of pesticides in composted food also represents an important environmental problem. The following pesticides were found in compost samples from household food waste: 1,3,5-triazine, methyl trithion, bifenthrin, bifenox, carbophenothion, pirimicarb, dioxacarb, desmetryn. Pesticide content in composts varied from 0.3 to 16.3 μg/kg, the average value being 30.4 ± 10.1 μg/kg dry matter. The higher decomposition was found of “modern” pesticides in the composters. The removal of salts can ensure that inhibition will be < 30% while washing with the ratio of 1:3 will result in the inhibition < 5%. However, this way of processing is not effective for other organisms—Poecilia reticulata (mortality 100%) and Daphnia magna (immobilisation 100%) using this procedure as well as washing of the compost in the ratio 3:1.
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Funding
This work was supported by the research projects of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic: OP RDE grant number CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000753 “Research centre for low-carbon energy technologies” and SP2020/22 “Innovative methods for monitoring particulate matter from combustion processes”. The presentation of this research has been financed from the EnviSafeBioC project - contract No PPI/APM/2018/1/00029/U/001. The project is supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange.
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Růžičková, J., Raclavská, H., Kucbel, M. et al. The potential environmental risks of the utilization of composts from household food waste. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 24663–24679 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09916-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09916-5