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Application of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) as a controlling parameter during the synthesis of Fe3O4@PVA nanocomposites from industrial waste (raffinate)

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop a process for the synthesis of magnetite nanocomposites from raffinate of hydrometallurgical plants containing iron ions. Towards this goal, a three-step process was developed. After the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in the first stage, Al3+ in the raffinate was precipitated as Al(OH)3 and finally magnetite NPs were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method via controlling the oxidation-reduction potentials (ORPs). The produced nanomaterials were analyzed using XRD, TEM, VSM, TGA, and FTIR. The TG, XPS, and FTIR results affirmed the existence of PVA while TEM images illustrated the spherical nanoparticles with an average size of about 19 ± 4 nm. Evaluation of VSM data indicated the highly ferromagnetic behavior for Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@PVA products at the room temperature with a saturation magnetization of 46.98 and 35.78 emu/g, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Mineral Industries Research Center (MIRC) and Central Laboratory of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. The authors gratefully thank the Ontario Centre for the Characterisation of Advanced Materials (OCCAM) for XPS analysis of samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, School of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Laleh Rezazadeh & Shahriar Sharafi

  2. Mineral Industries Research Center, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Mahin Schaffie & Mohammad Ranjbar

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  1. Laleh Rezazadeh
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Correspondence to Laleh Rezazadeh.

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Rezazadeh, L., Sharafi, S., Schaffie, M. et al. Application of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) as a controlling parameter during the synthesis of Fe3O4@PVA nanocomposites from industrial waste (raffinate). Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 32088–32099 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09436-2

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