Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Biology, ecology and management of Raphanus raphanistrum L.: a noxious agricultural and environmental weed

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Weeds are a major constraint to crop production and a barrier to human efforts to meet the ever-rising global demand for food, fibre and fuel. Managing weeds solely with herbicides is unsustainable due to the rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Precise knowledge of the ecology and biology of weeds is of utmost importance to determine the most appropriate nonchemical management techniques. Raphanus raphanistrum L. is an extremely invasive and noxious weed due to its prolific seed production, allelopathic potential, multiple herbicide resistance and biological potential. R. raphanistrum causes high crop yield losses and thus has become one of the most troublesome agricultural and environmental weeds. R. raphanistrum could exchange pollen with herbicide-tolerant canola and could become an environmental threat. This weed has evolved resistance to many herbicides, and relying exclusively on herbicide-based management could lead to severe crop loss and uneconomical cropping. Although reviews are available on the ecology and biology of R. raphanistrum, significant changes in tillage, weed management and agronomic practices have been occurring worldwide. Therefore, it is timely to review the status of noxious weeds in different agro-ecological zones and management scenarios. This review focuses on the response of R. raphanistrum to different cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical and integrated management strategies practiced in various agro-ecosystems, and its biological potential to thrive under different weed management tactics. In addition, this review facilitates a better understanding of R. raphanistrum and describes how weed management outcomes could be improved through exploiting the biology and ecology of the weed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adkins S, Wills D, Boersma M, Walker S, Robinson G, McLeod R, Einam J (1997) Weeds resistant to chlorsulfuron and atrazine from the north-east grain region of Australia. Weed Res 37:343–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Amini R, Mobli A, Ghanepour S (2016) Effect of environmental factors on seed germination and emergence of Lepidium vesicarium. Plant Species Biol 31:178–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashworth MB, Walsh MJ, Flower KC, Powles SB (2014) Identification of the first glyphosate-resistant wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) populations. Pest Manag Sci 70:1432–1436

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett SH (1983) Crop mimicry in weeds. Econ Bot 37:255–282

    Google Scholar 

  • Baskin CC, Baskin JM (1998) Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Batish DR, Singh HP, Pandher JK, Kohil RK (2005) Allelopathic interference of hysterophorus residues in soil. Allelopath J 15:267–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackshaw RE, Lemerle D, Mailer R, Young KR (2002) Influence of wild radish on yield and quality of canola. Weed Sci 50:344–349

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boz Ö (2005) Economic threshold for wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) control in wheat fields. Turk J Agric For 29:173–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Broster JC, Koetz EA, Shephard AJ, Wu H (2014) Extent of herbicide resistance in three broadleaf weed species in southern New South Wales, Proccedings of 19th Australasian Weeds Conference. Hobart, Tasmania. 282-285

  • Cechin J, Vargas L, Agostinetto D, Lamego FP, Mariani F, Dal Magro T (2017) Mutation of Trp-574-Leu ALS gene confers resistance of radish biotypes to iodosulfuron and imazethapyr herbicides. Acta Sci Agron 39:299–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Charudattan R (2005) Use of plant pathogens as bioherbicides to manage weeds in horticultural crops. Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society 118:208–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Charudattan R, Dinoor A (2000) Biological control of weed using plant pathogens: Accomplishments and limitations. Crop pretection 19(8):691–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00092-2

  • Chauhan B, Gill G, Preston C (2006) Tillage system effects on weed ecology, herbicide activity and persistence: a review. Anim Prod Sci 46:1557–1570

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheam AH (1986) Seed production and seed dormancy in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) and some possibilities for improving control. Weed Res 26:405–414

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheam AH (2008) Managing wild radish and other brassicaceous weeds in Australian cropping systems, CRC for Australian Weed Management, Glen Osmond, South Australia.pp 86

  • Cheam A, Code G (1995) The biology of Australian weeds. 24. Raphanus raphanistrum L. Plant Prot Quart 10:2–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheam, A. and Lee, S. (2003). Seedicidal potential of green wild radish pods on crop seeds. Proceedings of the 19th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 169–173

  • Cheam A, Lee S (2004) Diflufenican resistance in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.): its discovery and consequences for the lupin industry, Proceedings of the 14th Australian Weeds Conference, 414-417

  • Cheam A, Lee S (2006) Why is wild radish the worst cruciferous weed? In: Proceedings of the wild radish and other cruciferous weeds symposium. Dept. of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Chikwenhere GP, Keswani CL (1997) Economics of biological control of Kariba weed (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) at Tengwe in north-western Zimbabwe - a case study. Int J Pest Manage 43(2):109–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Clewley GD, Eschen R., Shaw RH, Wright DJ (2012) The effectiveness of classical biological control of inversive plants. J Appl Ecol 49, Pg 1287–1295

  • Code G, Donaldson T (1996) Effect of cultivation, sowing methods and herbicides on wild radish populations in wheat crops. Anim Prod Sci 36:437–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Colbach N, Darmency H, Fernier A, Granger S, Le Corre V, Messean A (2017) Simulating changes in cropping practices in conventional and glyphosate-resistant maize. II. Weed impacts on crop production and biodiversity. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:13121–13135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa LO, Rizzardi MA (2014) Resıstance of Raphanus raphanistrum to the herbıcıde metsulfuron-methyl. Planta Daninha 32:181–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Cousens RD, Warringa JW, Cameron JE, Hoy V (2001) Early growth and development of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) in relation to wheat. Aust J Agric Res 52:755–769

    Google Scholar 

  • Djebali N, Scott JK, Jourdan M, Souissi T (2009) Fungi pathogenic on wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) in northern Tunisia as potential biocontrol agents. Phytopathol Mediterr 48:205–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eghball B, Leosing GW (2000) Viability of weed seeds following manure windrow composting. Compost Sci. Utilization 8(1):46–53

    Google Scholar 

  • El SN, Karakaya S (2004) Radical scavenging and iron-chelating activities of some greens used as traditional dishes in Mediterranean diet. Intl J Food Sci Nutr 55:67–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Engeli H, Edelmann W, Fuchs J, Rottermann K (1993) Survival of plant pathogens and weed seeds during anaerobic digestion. Wat Sci Tech 27:69–76

  • Eslami S, Gill G, McDonald G (2012) Effect of water stress during seed development on morphometric characteristics and dormancy of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) seeds. Int J Plant Prod 4:159–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Eslami SV, Gill G, Bellotti B, McDonald G (2004) Comparative growth and competition of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) and wheat. Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Brisbane, Australia

  • Eslami SV, Gill GS, Bellotti B, McDonald G (2006) Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) interference in wheat. Weed Sci 54:749–756

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans HC (1996). Parthenium hysterophorus: a review of its weed status and the possibility for biological control

  • Ferrell JA, Sellers B, MacDonald GE, Leon R (2005) Wild radish--biology and control. University of Florida. Extensıon report. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/

  • Fischer DW, Harvey RG, Oplinger ES, Maloney TS (1999) Response of oat (Avena sativa) varieties and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) to thifensulfuron plus tribenuron. Weed Technol 13:144–150

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Georgia I (2005) Pre-plant control of cutleaf eveningprimrose (Oenothera laciniata Hill) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) in conservation tillage cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J Cotton Sci 9:223–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghersa CM, Benech-Arnold RL, Satorre EH, Martinez-Ghersa MA (2000) Advances in weed management strategies. Field Crop Res 67:95–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghersa CM, Holt JS (1995) Using phenology prediction in weed management: a review. Weed Res 35:461–470

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosheh HZ (2005) Constraints in implementing biological weed control: a review. Weed Biol Manag 5:83–92

    Google Scholar 

  • GRDC (2014) İntegrated weed managenet manaual. https://grdc.com.au/publications/2014/07/integrated weed managenet manual, Grains Reserach Development Corporation, Australia

  • Grove S, Haubensak KA, Parker IM (2012) Direct and indirect effects of allelopathy in the soil legacy of an exotic plant invasion. Plant Ecol 213:1869–1882

    Google Scholar 

  • Haramoto ER, Gallandt ER (2004) Brassica cover cropping for weed management: a review. Renew Agric Food Syst 19:187–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrington RB, Powles SB (2012) Harrington seed destructor: a new nonchemical weed control tool for global grain crops. Crop Sci 52:1343–1347

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashem A, Bowran D, Piper T, Dhammu H (2001a) Resistance of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) to acetolactate synthase-ınhibiting herbicides in the Western Australia wheat belt. Weed Technol 15:68–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashem A, Dhammu HS, Powles SB, Bowran DG, Piper TJ, Cheam AH (2001b) Triazine resistance in a biotype of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) in Australia. Weed Technol 15:636–641

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashem A, Pathan S, French B (2006) Wild radish-lupin competition:difference in the competition of lupin cultivars. Proceedings from the 15th Australian weeds conference: weed managment of South Australia: 391-394

  • Hashem A, Wilkins N (2002) Competitiveness and persistence of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) in a wheat-lupin rotation. Proceedings of the 13th Australian Weed Conference. Perth, Australia: Council of Australian Weed Science Society, 712-715

  • Heap I (2014) Herbicide resistant weeds. In: Integrated pest management. Springer, Pesticide problems, pp 281–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Heap I (2017). The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. www.weedscience.com (accessed 25 Aug. 2017)

  • Henne E, Sale P (2014) Managing wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) in grain crops - preventing seed set to deplete the seed bank. Corporation, Report of Grains Research and Development

    Google Scholar 

  • Holm LG (1997) World weeds: natural histories and distribution. Wiley, New York, p 1129

    Google Scholar 

  • Holm LG (1979) A geographical atlas of world weeds. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p 391

    Google Scholar 

  • Holm LG, Plucknett DL, Pancho JV, Herberger JP (1977) The world’s worst weeds:distribution and biology. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu

    Google Scholar 

  • Katovich EJS, Becker RL (2004) Weed seed survival in anaerobic digesters. USDA NRCS EQIP Edu. Assis. Grant Prog, Final Report, 7 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly N, Cousens RD, Taghizadeh MS, Hanan JS, Mouillot D (2013) Plants as populations of release sites for seed dispersal: a structural-statistical analysis of the effects of competition on Raphanus raphanistrum. J Ecol 101:878–888

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkegaard JA, Sarwar M (1998) Biofumigation potential of brassicas: variation in glucosinolate profiles of diverse field-grown brassicas. Plant Soil 201:71–89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kudsk P, Kristensen J (1992) Effect of environmental factors on herbicide performance. Proceedings of the first international weed control congress. 17-21

  • Madafiglio GP (2002) Population management of Raphanus raphanistrum L. (wild radish) by regulating seed production, University of Western Sydney. Pp. 178

  • Madafiglio GP, Medd RW, Cornish PS, Ven R (2006) Seed production of Raphanus raphanistrum following herbicide application during reproduction and effects on wheat yield. Weed Res 46:50–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik M S (2009) Biology and ecology of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). PhD thesis, ProQuest dissertations publishing. Clemson University, 2009, pp.175

  • Malik MS, Norsworthy JK, Culpepper AS, Riley MB, William B Jr (2008) Use of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and rye cover crops for weed suppression in sweet corn. Weed Sci 56:588–595

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malik MS, Riley MB, Norsworthy JK, Bridges JW (2010) Glucosinolate profile variation of growth stages of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). J Agric Food Chem 58:3309–3315

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manalil S, Werth J, Jackson R, Chauhan BS, Preston C (2017) An assessment of weed flora 14 years after the introduction of glyphosate-tolerant cotton in Australia. Crop Pasture Sci 68:773–780

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell A, Scott JK (2008) Pathogens on wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae), in south-western Australia — implications for biological control. Australas Plant Pathol 37:523–533

    Google Scholar 

  • Mekenian MR, Willemsen RW (1975) Germination characteristics of Raphanus raphanistrum L. Laboratory studies. Bull Torrey Bot Club:243–252

  • Newman P (2003) The loomimg threat of wild radish. Agribusiness Crop Updates, Department of Agriculture Western Australia. Perth

  • Newman P (2005) Knockdowns for large wild radish, single and double. Proceedings of Agribusiness Crop Updates 2005, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia. Perth

  • Newman P (2013) We can kill wild radish in lupins if we have enough spray capacity. Proceedings of Agribusiness Crop Updates 2013, Department of Agriculture Western Australia. Perth

  • Newman P, Adam G (2006) Crop topping of wild radish in lupin and barley, how long is a piece of string?. Proccedings of Agribusiness Crop Updates 2006, Department of Agriculture Western Australia. Perth

  • Nordblom TL, Smyth MJ, Swirepik A, Sheppard AW, Briese DT (2002) Spatial economics of biological control: investing in new releases of insects for earlier limitation of Paterson's curse in Australia. Agric Econ 27(3):403–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Norsworthy JK (2003) Allelopathic potential of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Weed Technol 17:307–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Norsworthy JK, John TMIV (2005) Wild radish–amended soil effects on yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) interference with tomato and bell pepper. Weed Sci 53:77–83

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norsworthy JK, Malik MS, Riley MB, Bridges W Jr (2010) Time of emergence affects survival and development of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) in South Carolina. Weed Sci 58:402–407

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norsworthy JK, Ward SM, Shaw DR, Llewellyn RS, Nichols RL, Webster TM, Bradley KW, Frisvold G, Powles SB, Burgos NR (2012) Reducing the risks of herbicide resistance: best management practices and recommendations. Weed Sci 60:31–62

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owen MJ, Martinez NJ, Powles SB (2015) Multiple herbicide-resistant wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) populations dominate Western Australian cropping fields. Crop Pasture Sci 66:1079–1085

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pannell DJ, Stewart V, Bennet A, Monjardino M, Schmidt C, Powles SB (2003) RIM: a bio-economic model for integrated weed management. Agric Syst 79:309–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons WT, Cuthbertson EG (2001) Wild radish. Noxious weeds of Australia. CSIRO publishing. Australia, In, pp 348–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathan S, French R, Hashem A (2006) Competitive effects of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L. on lupin cultivars (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Proceedings of the 13th Australian Agronomy Conference. Perth, Western Australia, Australia 10th–15th Sept.

  • Petersen J, Belz R, Walker F, Hurle K (2001) Weed suppression by release of isothiocyanates from turnip-rape mulch. Agron J 93:37–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piggin C, Reeves T, Brooke H, Code G (1978) Germination of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.). Proceedings of the first conference of the Australian weed science societies, 233-240

  • Powles SB, Yu Q (2010) Evolution in action: plants resistant to herbicides. Annu Rev Plant Biol 61:317–347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reeves T, Code G, Piggin C (1981) Seed production and longevity, seasonal emergence and phenology of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.). Anim Prod Sci 21:524–530

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder J (1989) Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) control in soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci 37:112–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott JK (2012) Raphanus raphanistrum L. - wild radish, biological control of weeds in Australia. 486-492

  • Scott JK, Vitou J, Jourdan M (2002) Review of the potential for biological control of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) based on surveys in the Mediterranean region. Proceedings of the 13th Australian weeds conference. Plant Protection Society of WA, Perth, 377–380

  • Shannon-Firestone S, Firestone J (2015) Allelopathic potential of invasive species is determined by plant and soil community context. Plant Ecol 216:491–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Smit J, Cairns L (2001) Resistance of Raphanus raphanistrum to chlorsulfuron in the republic of South Africa. Weed Res 41:41–47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snow AA, Campbell LG (2005) Can feral radishes become weeds? In: Gressel J (ed) Crop ferality and volunteerism: a threat to food security in the transgenic era? CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, Boca Raton, pp 193–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Streibig J, Combellack J, Pritchard G, Richardson R (1989) Estimation of thresholds for weed control in Australian cereals. Weed Res 29:117–126

    Google Scholar 

  • USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, version 3.5. National Plant Data Centre, Baton Rogue, LA 70874-4490 USA. Available: http://plants.usda.gov

  • Walsh MJ, Friesen S, Powles SB (2006) Frequency, distribution and mechanisms of herbicide resistance in Western Australian wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) populations: a review. Proceedıngs of Australıan weeds conference 15:484–487

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh M, Minkey D (2006) Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) development and seed production in response to time of emergence, crop-topping and sowing rate of wheat. Plant Prot quart 21:25

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh M, Newman P (2007) Burning narrow windrows for weed seed destruction. Field Crops Res 104:24–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh M, Newman P, Chitty D (2005) Destroy wild radish and annual ryegrass seeds by burning narrow windrows, Proccedings of Agribusiness Crop Updates. Adelaide, South Australia: Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC). 159-163

  • Walsh M, Newman P, Powles SB (2013) Targeting weed seeds in-crop: a new weed control paradigm for global agriculture. Weed Technol 27:431–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh M, Owen M, Powles SB (2007) Frequency and distribution of herbicide resistance in Raphanus raphanistrum populations randomly collected across the Western Australian wheatbelt. Weed Res 47:542–550

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh MJ, Powles SB (2009) Impact of crop-topping and swathing on the viable seed production of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Crop Pasture Sci 60:667–674

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh MJ, Powles SB, Beard BR, Parkin BT, Porter SA (2004) Multiple-herbicide resistance across four modes of action in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Weed Sci 52:8–13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh MJ, Stratford K, Stone K, Powles SB (2012) Synergistic effects of atrazine and mesotrione on susceptible and resistant wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) populations and the potential for overcoming resistance to triazine herbicides. Weed Technol 26:341–347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh MJ, Powles SB (2001) High frequency of chlorsulfuron-resistant wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) populations across the Western Australian wheatbelt. Weed Technol 15:199–203

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh MJ, Powles SB (2007) Management strategies for herbicide-resistant weed populations in Australian dryland crop production systems. Weed Technol 21:332–338

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warwick SI, Francis A (2005) The biology of Canadian weeds. 132. Raphanus raphanistrum L. Can J Plant Sci 85:709–733

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiese AF, Sweeten JM, Bean BW, Salisbury CD, Chenault EW (1998) High temperature composting of cattle feedlot manure kills weed seed. Appl Eng Agric J 14(4):377–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams F, Eschen R, Harris A, Djeddour D, Pratt C, Shaw RS, Varia S, Lamontagne-Godwin J, Thomas SE, Murphy ST (2010) The economic cost of invasive non-native species on Great Britain. CABI, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  • Young K, Cousens R (1999) Factors affecting the germination and emergence of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and their effect on management options, Proceedings of 12th Australian Weeds Conference. Hobart: Tasmanian Weed Society, 179–182

  • Young KR (2001) Germination and emergence of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.). PhD thesis, Institute of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne

  • Zulicki MP, Day MD, Playford J (2007) Will biological control of Lantana camara ever succeed? Patterns, processes & prospects. Biol Control 42(3):251–261

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperative Development, State Department of Agriculture, Bungoma, 33-50200, Kenya

    Lynda Kebaso

  2. MoFA - Ejura Agricultural College, P.O. BOX 29, Ejura, Ashanti, Ghana

    David Frimpong

  3. The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia

    Nadeem Iqbal, Ali Ahsan Bajwa, Halima Namubiru, Sudheesh Manalil & Bhagirath Singh Chauhan

  4. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia

    Nadeem Iqbal & Ali Ahsan Bajwa

  5. Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2650, Australia

    Ali Ahsan Bajwa

  6. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan

    Hafiz Haider Ali

  7. School of Agriculture,Food and Wine, The university of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5064, Australia

    Zarka Ramiz

  8. Department of Weed Science, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25000, Pakistan

    Saima Hashim

  9. UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Crawley, 6009, Australia

    Sudheesh Manalil

  10. Amrita School of Agriculture, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India

    Sudheesh Manalil

Authors
  1. Lynda Kebaso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David Frimpong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nadeem Iqbal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ali Ahsan Bajwa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Halima Namubiru
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hafiz Haider Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zarka Ramiz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Saima Hashim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Sudheesh Manalil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sudheesh Manalil.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Hailong Wang

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kebaso, L., Frimpong, D., Iqbal, N. et al. Biology, ecology and management of Raphanus raphanistrum L.: a noxious agricultural and environmental weed. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 17692–17705 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08334-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08334-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation