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Application of hybrid ANN-whale optimization model in evaluation of the field capacity and the permanent wilting point of the soils

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Abstract

Field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) are two important properties of the soil when the soil moisture is concerned. Since the determination of these parameters is expensive and time-consuming, this study aims to develop and evaluate a new hybrid of artificial neural network model coupled with a whale optimization algorithm (ANN-WOA) as a meta-heuristic optimization tool in defining the FC and the PWP at the basin scale. The simulated results were also compared with other core optimization models of ANN and multilinear regression (MLR). For this aim, a set of 217 soil samples were taken from different regions located across the West and East Azerbaijan provinces in Iran, partially covering four important basins of Lake Urmia, Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf-Oman Sea, and Central-Basin of Iran. Taken samples included portion of clay, sand, and silt together with organic matter, which were used as independent variables to define the FC and the PWP. A 80–20 portion of the randomly selected independent and dependent variable sets were used in calibration and validation of the predefined models. The most accurate predictions for the FC and PWP at the selected stations were obtained by the hybrid ANN-WOA models, and evaluation criteria at the validation phases were obtained as 2.87%, 0.92, and 2.11% respectively for RMSE, R2, and RRMSE for the FC, and 1.78%, 0.92, and 10.02% respectively for RMSE, R2, and RRMSE for the PWP. It is concluded that the organic matter is the most important variable in prediction of FC and PWP, while the proposed ANN-WOA model is an efficient approach in defining the FC and the PWP at the basin scale.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful for the reviewers and the editor for their insightful comments which are used in enhancement of the article as well as the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Iran for providing the data used in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey

    Babak Vaheddoost

  2. College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Yiqing Guan & Babak Mohammadi

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  1. Babak Vaheddoost
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  2. Yiqing Guan
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  3. Babak Mohammadi
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Correspondence to Babak Mohammadi.

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Vaheddoost, B., Guan, Y. & Mohammadi, B. Application of hybrid ANN-whale optimization model in evaluation of the field capacity and the permanent wilting point of the soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 13131–13141 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07868-4

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