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Effects of oxygen tension on the microbial community and functional gene expression of aerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification systems

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Abstract

Aerobic CH4 oxidation coupled to denitrification (AME-D) can not only mitigate the emission of greenhouse gas (e.g., CH4) to the atmosphere, but also reduce NO3− and/or NO2− and alleviate nitrogen pollution. The effects of O2 tension on the community and functional gene expression of methanotrophs and denitrifiers were investigated in this study. Although higher CH4 oxidation occurred in the AME-D system with an initial O2 concentration of 21% (i.e., the O2-sufficient condition), more NO3−-N was removed at the initial O2 concentration of 10% (i.e., the O2-limited environment). Type I methanotrophs, including Methylocaldum, Methylobacter, Methylococcus, Methylomonas, and Methylomicrobium, and type II methanotrophs, including Methylocystis and Methylosinus, dominated in the AME-D systems. Compared with type II methanotrophs, type I methanotrophs were more abundant in the AME-D systems. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the main denitrifiers in the AME-D systems, and their compositions varied with the O2 tension. Quantitative PCR of the pmoA, nirS, and 16S rRNA genes showed that methanotrophs and denitrifiers were the main microorganisms in the AME-D systems, accounting for 46.4% and 24.1% in the O2-limited environment, respectively. However, the relative transcripts of the functional genes including pmoA, mmoX, nirK, nirS, and norZ were all less than 1%, especially the functional genes involved in denitrification under the O2-sufficient condition, likely due to the majority of the denitrifiers being dormant or even nonviable. These findings indicated that an optimal O2 concentration should be used to optimize the activity and functional gene expression of aerobic methanotrophs and denitrifiers in AME-D systems.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China with Grants No. 91851109, 41671245, 41911530193, and 41371012 and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province with Grant No. LZ20E080002.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Yi-Xuan Chu, Ruo-Chan Ma, Jing Wang, Jia-Tian Zhu & Ya-Ru Kang

  2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China

    Ruo He

  3. College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Ruo He

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  1. Yi-Xuan Chu
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Chu, YX., Ma, RC., Wang, J. et al. Effects of oxygen tension on the microbial community and functional gene expression of aerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification systems. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 12280–12292 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07767-8

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