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Concentration-dependent effects of tungstate on germination, growth, lignification-related enzymes, antioxidants, and reactive oxygen species in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)

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Abstract

The phyto-impact of tungstate is not frequently studied like other heavy metals especially in the sight of continuous accumulation of tungstate in the agriculture soils and water. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the supplementation of various tungstate concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100) to germination water (mg L−1) or clay soil (mg kg−1) on germination and metabolism of broccoli. Lower concentrations (1–10 mg L−1) accelerated germination process and reciprocally were recorded at the highest one (100 mg L−1). The promoter effect of lower concentrations on seedlings growing on tungstate contaminated soil was underpinned from enhancement of pigments, metabolites, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and nitrate reductase. However, the highest concentration-noxious impacts perceived from oxidative damage and membrane integrity deregulation accompanied with no gain from increment of proline, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The depletion of phytochelatins and nitric oxide jointed with the enhancement of peroxidases, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase at higher concentration reinforced lignin production which restricted plant growth. The results supported the hormetic effects of tungstate (beneficial at low concentrations and noxious at high concentration) on morphological and physiological parameters of broccoli seedlings. The stimulatory effect of tungstate on metabolic activities could serve as important components of antioxidative defense mechanism against tungstate toxicity.

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Abbreviations

ASA:

Ascorbic acid

CAT:

Catalase

EL:

Electrolyte leakage

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GST:

Glutathione-S-transferase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

IPO:

Ionic peroxidase

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

NO:

Nitric oxide

NR:

Nitrate reductase

O2 •− :

Superoxide radical

•OH:

Hydroxyl radical

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

PCs:

Phytochelatins

PPO:

Polyphenol oxidase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SPO:

Soluble peroxidase

W:

Tungsten

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  1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt

    Mona F. A. Dawood

  2. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt

    Mohamed M. Azooz

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Dawood, M.F.A., Azooz, M.M. Concentration-dependent effects of tungstate on germination, growth, lignification-related enzymes, antioxidants, and reactive oxygen species in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 36441–36457 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06603-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06603-y

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