Abstract
In this study, nine OPEs were measured in 60 street dust samples collected from the central province of Henan, China. The total concentrations of OPEs (∑9OPEs) in street dust range from 2.77 to 505 μg/kg (median 59.3 μg/kg). Chlorinated OPEs are dominant in street dust with median concentration of 33.5 μg/kg, followed by aryl OPEs (median 9.05 μg/kg), and alkyl OPEs (median 6.19 μg/kg). No significant correlations are found between ∑9OPEs and parameters, such as population (p = 0.931), population density (p = 0.602), car ownership (p = 0.618), and gross domestic product (p = 0.863). Principal component analysis (PCA) result reveals that road traffic could be a major source of OPEs in street dust because of their extensive use in various vehicles. The total average (median) and high-level exposure (95th percentile) of OPEs are 1.01 × 10−2, 7.17 × 10−2 ng/kg bw/d for adults and 6.03 × 10−2, 0.43 ng/kg bw/d for children, respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) values are 5–6 orders of magnitude lower than the acceptable risk level (HQ < 0.1), indicating there is still a low risk to local residents at current levels.
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This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (21707124), the Henan Province Scientific and Technological Research Projects (182102311109), and the Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou, China (201710010065).
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Pang, L., Yang, H., Pang, R. et al. Occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in urban street dust in the central province of Henan, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 27862–27871 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06008-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06008-x