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Review on the determination and distribution patterns of a widespread contaminant artificial sweetener in the environment

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Abstract

The accurate determination of widespread artificial sweeteners (ASs) and the information of their distributions in environments are of significance to investigate the environmental behaviors. This paper firstly reviews the typical analytic methodologies for ASs and the main influencing factors during the analytic processes. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) with LC-ESI-MS is currently the leading-edge method. However, the efficiency and accuracy for ASs analysis in environmental samples are also dependent on the SPE cartridges, buffers and pH, matrix effects, and sample stability. A basic procedure for ASs determination in different environmental samples is proposed. The current occurrences of ASs in environments are then evaluated. The ASs, especially the acesulfame and sucralose, are widely detected in various environmental medium. The concentrations of investigated ASs are generally in the order of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) influent > WWTPs effluent > surface water > groundwater > drinking water; and atmosphere > soil. The ASs levels in the environment exhibit significant differences among different regions. Further analysis indicates that the phenomenon is highly correlated with the consumption patterns and the removal efficiency of WWTPs in a specific country.

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Funding

The work is financially supported by the “National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51708171),” “Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No: 2019B14314,” “China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2018M630508),” “State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation, China (No. PCRRF17019),” and the “Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), China.”

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  1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Jingyang Luo, Qin Zhang, Yang Wu, Fang Fang, Qian Feng, Chao Li, Zhaoxia Xue & Jiashun Cao

  2. College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Jingyang Luo, Qin Zhang, Yang Wu, Fang Fang, Qian Feng, Chao Li, Zhaoxia Xue & Jiashun Cao

  3. Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Lijuan Wu

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  1. Jingyang Luo
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Luo, J., Wu, L., Zhang, Q. et al. Review on the determination and distribution patterns of a widespread contaminant artificial sweetener in the environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 19078–19096 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05261-4

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