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Examining the impact of globalization in the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: the case of tourist destination states

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Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between carbon emissions and international tourism growth through the channels of globalization, energy consumption, and real income via testing the environmental Kuznets curve over the periods of 1995 to 2014 for 15 selected tourism destination states that prioritized tourism as a means of maximizing economic growth. Using the panel data analysis, results confirm globalization-tourism-induced EKC hypothesis for tourist destination states. This implies international tourism growth and carbon emissions, through the channels of energy consumption, globalization, and real income, are in a long-term equilibrium relationship. International tourism and squared term of real income have an inverse significant effect on carbon emission level, while energy consumption, globalization, and real income without squared term exert positive and significant effects on carbon emission level in the long-run. Thus, globalization-tourism-induced EKC hypothesis is suggested with credible policy suggestions in the case of tourist destination states.

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Notes

  1. In Table 1 above, CO2 represents carbon dioxide emissions measured in metric tons per capita, EC is the energy consumption measured in kg oil equivalent per capita, GLO for globalization index, TA is international tourist arrivals, and RGDP represents real gross domestic per capita measured in constant 2010 US$.

  2. For the brevity of space, we only explain one out of the four panel unit root tests employed. Interested reader can see the original papers in reference section for detailed information.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, Eastern Mediterranean University, via Mersin 10, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey

    Seyi Saint Akadiri, Gizem Uzuner & Ada Chigozie Akadiri

  2. Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Faculty of Tourism Management, Department of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, via Mersin 10, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey

    Taiwo Temitope Lasisi

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  1. Seyi Saint Akadiri
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  2. Taiwo Temitope Lasisi
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  3. Gizem Uzuner
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  4. Ada Chigozie Akadiri
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Correspondence to Seyi Saint Akadiri.

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Akadiri, S.S., Lasisi, T.T., Uzuner, G. et al. Examining the impact of globalization in the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: the case of tourist destination states. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 12605–12615 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04722-0

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