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Improvement of ternary fuel combustion with various injection pressure strategies in a toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber

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Abstract

The present experimental work focuses on the influence injection pressure and toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber in a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with ternary fuel (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) blend. Ternary fuel (TF) is prepared by blending 70% diesel, 20% biodiesel, and 10% ethanol blends and its fuel properties were investigated and compared with diesel fuel. Since the physic-chemical properties of TF are well behind the diesel fuel, it is proposed to be blended with 20 ppm alumina nano additives which act as an ignition enhancer and catalytic oxidizer. The resulting fuel mixture (TF + 20 ppm alumina additive) is named as high performance fuel (HPF). Experimentations were conducted on HPF subjected to various injection pressures of 18 MPa, 20 MPa, 22 MPa, and 24 MPa respectively and are operated in toroidal re-entrant chamber geometry (TG) at an injection timing of 22 obTDC. From experimentation, it was identified that, for TG-HPF, higher injection pressure of 22 MPa ensued highest BTE (Brake Thermal Efficiency) of 35.5% and lowest BSEC (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) of 10.13 MJ/kWh owing to the pooled effect of higher swirl formation, improved atomization enhanced evaporation rate, and better air-fuel mixing. Emission wise TG-HPF operated at 22 MPa lowered the HC (hydrocarbon), CO (carbon monoxide), and smoke emissions by 18.88%, 7.19%, and 5.02%, but with marginally improved NOx (oxides of nitrogen) and CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions by 3.92% and 3.89% respectively. In combustion point of view, it is observed that injection pressure increased the cylinder pressure, heat release rate (HRR), and cumulative heat release rate (CHRR) by 5.35%, 5.08%, and 3.38% respectively indicating improved combustion rate as a result of enhanced atomization, evaporation, and high turbulence inducement. Overall, it is concluded that operating the ternary fuel at 22 MPa injection pressure at toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber results in improved performance and minimized emissions.

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Abbreviations

Al2O3 :

aluminum oxide nanoparticle

TF:

ternary fuel

HPF:

high performance fuel

CI:

compression ignition

TG:

toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber

CFD:

computational fluid dynamics

SG:

hemispherical chamber

DI:

direct injection

FAME:

fatty acid methyl ester

FTIR:

Fourier transform infra red

SEM:

scanning electron microscope

TEM:

transmission electron microscope

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

EDS:

energy dispersive spectroscopy

BTE:

brake thermal efficiency

BSEC:

brake specific energy consumption

HRR:

heat release rate

CHRR:

cumulative heat release rate

CRDI:

common rail direct injection

HC:

hydrocarbon

CO:

carbon monoxide

DEE:

diethyl ether

NOx:

oxides of nitrogen

CO2 :

carbon dioxide

EGR:

exhaust gas recirculation

EGO:

exhaust gas oxygen

EGT:

exhaust gas temperature

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) of Government of India for its technical support for this investigation, Institute for Energy Studies (Anna University) for its financial support, and Centre for Nanotechnology (Anna University) for synthesis, characterization of nanoparticles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600069, India

    Harish Venu

  2. Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India

    M. Dinesh Babu

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  1. Harish Venu
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Correspondence to Harish Venu.

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Venu, H., Dinesh Babu, M. Improvement of ternary fuel combustion with various injection pressure strategies in a toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 32024–32043 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3174-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3174-9

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