Abstract
Fruit shell residue from Xanthoceras sorbifolia was investigated as a potential biosorbent to remove crude oil from aqueous solution. The shell powder and its carbonized material were compared while assessing various factors that influenced oil removal capacity. The structure and sorption mechanism were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The oil removal capacity of the raw material (75.1 mg g−1) was better than the carbonized material (49.5 mg g−1). The oil removal capacity increased with greater saponin content, indicating that hydrophobic and lipophilic surface characteristics of the saponins improved adsorption by the raw X. sorbifolia shell. An orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the adsorption. Using 4 g L−1 of raw X. sorbifolia shell (particle size of < 0.15 mm), the highest crude oil removal efficiency was obtained using an initial oil concentration of 400 mg L−1, adsorption temperature of 30 °C, adsorption time of 10 min at a shaking speed of 150 rpm. The adsorption of crude oil onto X. sorbifolia shell was best described using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Raw X. sorbifolia shell material was more efficient than the carbonized material at crude oil removal from aqueous solution. This was attributable to the functional groups of saponins in raw X. sorbifolia shell. This study highlights that some agricultural and forest residues could be a promising source of low-cost biosorbents for oil contaminants from water—without requiring additional processing such as carbonization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdelwahab O, Nasr SM, Thabet WM (2017) Palm fibers and modified palm fibers adsorbents for different oils. Alex Eng J 56:749–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.11.020
Abdullah MA, Rahmah AU, Man Z (2010) Physicochemical and sorption characteristics of Malaysian Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. As a natural oil sorbent. J Hazard Mater 177:683–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.085
Ahmad AL, Sumathi S, Hameed BH (2005) Residual oil and suspended solid removal using natural adsorbents chitosan, bentonite and activated carbon: a comparative study. Chem Eng J 108:179–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2005.01.016
Altmann J, Ruhl AS, Zietzschmann F, Jekel M (2014) Direct comparison of ozonation and adsorption onto powdered activated carbon for micropollutant removal in advanced wastewater treatment. Water Res 55:185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.025
Aslam AM, Choudhary A (2017) Removal of oil from seawater using charcoal and rice hull. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 263:032007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/263/3/032007
Bandura L, Franus M, Józefaciuk G, Franus W (2015) Synthetic zeolites from fly ash as effective mineral sorbents for land-based petroleum spills cleanup. Fuel 147:100–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.067
Banerjee SS, Joshi MV, Jayaram RV (2006) Treatment of oil spills using organo-fly ash. Desalination 195:32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.10.038
Chand P, Bokare M, Pakade YB (2017) Methyl acrylate modified apple pomace as promising adsorbent for the removal of divalent metal ion from industrial wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:10454–10465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8658-5
Cheng Y, Wang L, Faustorilla V, Megharaj M, Naidu R, Chen ZL (2017) Integrated electrochemical treatment systems for facilitating the bioremediation of oil spill contaminated soil. Chemosphere 175:294–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.079
Deschamps G, Caruel H, Borredon ME, Bonnin C, Vignoles C (2003) Oil removal from water by selective sorption on hydrophobic cotton fibers. 1. Study of sorption properties and comparison with other cotton fiber-based sorbents. Environ Sci Technol 37:1013–1015. https://doi.org/10.1021/es020061s
El-Naas MH, Alhaija MA, Al-Zuhair S (2017) Evaluation of an activated carbon packed bed for the adsorption of phenols from petroleum refinery wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:7511–7520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8469-8
Gunatilake UB, Bandara J (2017) Fabrication of highly hydrophilic filter using natural and hydrothermally treated mica nanoparticles for efficient waste oil-water separation. J Environ Manag 191:96–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.002
Gupta VK, Rastogi A (2009) Biosorption of hexavalent chromium by raw and acid-treated green alga Oedogonium hatei from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 163:396–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.104
Hameed BH, Tan IAW, Ahmad AL (2008) Adsorption isotherm, kinetic modeling and mechanism of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on coconut husk-based activated carbon. Chem Eng J 144:235–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.01.028
Hao WM, Björkman E, Lilliestråle M, Hedin N (2013) Activated carbons prepared from hydrothermally carbonized waste biomass used as adsorbents for CO2. Appl Energy 112:526–532 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.02.028
Hassanshahian M, Emtiazi G, Caruso G, Cappello S (2014) Bioremediation (bioaugmentation/biostimulation) trials of oil polluted seawater: a mesocosm simulation study. Mar Environ Res 95:28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.12.010
Ho Y, McKay G (1999) Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochem 34:451–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5
Jacquin L, Dybwad C, Rolshausen G, Hendry AP, Reader SM (2017) Evolutionary and immediate effects of crude-oil pollution: depression of exploratory behaviour across populations of Trinidadian guppies. Anim Cogn 20:97–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-016-1027-9
Kumar KV (2006) Linear and non-linear regression analysis for the sorption kinetics of methylene blue onto activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 137:1538–1544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.04.036
Li J, Zu YG, Fu YJ, Yang YC, Li SM, Li ZN, Wink M (2010) Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of triterpene saponins from defatted residue of yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) kernel and evaluation of its antioxidant activity. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 11:637–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2010.06.004
Li J, Luo M, Zhao CJ, Li CY, Wang W, Zu YG, Fu YJ (2013) Oil removal from water with yellow horn shell residues treated by ionic liquid. Bioresour Technol 128:673–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.009
Liu LN, Wang LH, Yin LM, Song WH, Yu JH, Liu Y (2014) Effects of different solvents on the surface acidic oxygen-containing functional groups on Xanthoceras sorbifolia shell. BioResources 9:2248–2258. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.9.2.2248-2258
Matuana LM, Balatinecz JJ, Sodhi RNS, Park CB (2001) Surface characterization of esterified cellulosic fibers by XPS and FTIR spectroscopy. Wood Sci Technol 35:191–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002260100097
Mutairi MSA (2016) Development and evaluation of a remediation strategy for the oil lakes of Kuwait. School of civil engineering and surveying. Doctoral Thesis University of Portsmouth. United Kingdom
Nidhina N, Muthukumar SP (2015) Antinutritional factors and functionality of protein-rich fractions of industrial guar meal as affected by heat processing. Food Chem 173:920–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.071
Osin OA, Yu TY, Lin SJ (2017) Oil refinery wastewater treatment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: current practices, challenges, and recommendations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:22730–22740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0009-z
Pacwa-Płociniczak M, Płaza GA, Piotrowska-Seget Z, Cameotra SS (2011) Environmental applications of biosurfactants: recent advances. Int J Mol Sci 12:633–654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12010633
Paria S, Khilar KC (2004) A review on experimental studies of surfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid-water interface. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 110:75–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2004.03.001
Pekdemir T, Copur M, Urum K (2005) Emulsification of crude oil-water systems using biosurfactants. Process Saf Environ Prot 83:38–46. https://doi.org/10.1205/psep.03176
Rajakovic V, Aleksic G, Radetic M, Rajakovic L (2007) Efficiency of oil removal from real wastewater with different sorbent materials. J Hazard Mater 143:494–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.060
Ribeiro TH, Smith RW, Rubio J (2000) Sorption of oils by the nonliving biomass of a Salvinia sp. Environ Sci Technol 34:5201–5205. https://doi.org/10.1021/es991139g
Said AE, Ludwick AG, Aglan HA (2009) Usefulness of raw bagasse for oil absorption: a comparison of raw and acylated bagasse and their components. Bioresour Technol 100:2219–2222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.060
Sewu DD, Boakye P, Jung H, Woo SH (2017) Synergistic dye adsorption by biochar from co-pyrolysis of spent mushroom substrate and Saccharina japonica. Bioresour Technol 244:1142–1149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.103
Shi MJ, Tang CG, Yang XD, Zhou JL, Jia F, Han YX, Li ZY (2017) Superhydrophobic silica aerogels reinforced with polyacrylonitrile fibers for adsorbing oil from water and oil mixtures. RSC Adv 7:4039–4045. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA26831E
Sidik SM, Jalil AA, Triwahyono S, Adam SH, Satar MAH, Hameed BH (2012) Modified oil palm leaves adsorbent with enhanced hydrophobicity for crude oil removal. Chem Eng J 203:9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.132
Simonin JP (2016) On the comparison of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate laws in the modeling of adsorption kinetics. Chem Eng J 300:254–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.079
Singh V, Kendall RJ, Hake K, Ramkumar S (2013) Crude oil sorption by raw cotton. Ind Eng Chem Res 52:6277–6281. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie4005942
Skouteris G, Saroj D, Melidis P, Hai FI, Ouki S (2015) The effect of activated carbon addition on membrane bioreactor processes for wastewater treatment and reclamation – a critical review. Bioresour Technol 185:399–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.010
Srinivasan A, Viraraghavan T (2008) Removal of oil by walnut shell media. Bioresour Technol 99:8217–8220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.072
Sun XF, Sun RC, Sun JX (2003) A convenient acetylation of sugarcane bagasse using NBS as a catalyst for the preparation of oil sorption-active materials. J Mater Sci 38:3915–3923. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026189911651
Sun XY, Shan RF, Li XH, Pan JH, Liu X, Deng RN, Song JY (2017) Characterization of 60 types of Chinese biomass waste and resultant biochars in terms of their candidacy for soil application. GCB Bioenergy 9:1423–1435. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12435
Urum K, Pekdemir T (2004) Evaluation of biosurfactants for crude oil contaminated soil washing. Chemosphere 57:1139–1150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.048
Urum K, Grigson S, Pekdemir T, McMenamy S (2006) A comparison of the efficiency of different surfactants for removal of crude oil from contaminated soils. Chemosphere 62:1403–1410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.016
Vollaard B (2017) Temporal displacement of environmental crime: evidence from marine oil pollution. J Environ Econ Manag 82:168–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2016.11.001
Wahi R, Chuah LA, Choong TSY, Ngaini Z, Nourouzi MM (2013) Oil removal from aqueous state by natural fibrous sorbent: an overview. Sep Purif Technol 113:51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2013.04.015
Wang JT, Zheng YA, Wang AQ (2012) Effect of kapok fiber treated with various solvents on oil absorbency. Ind Crop Prod 40:178–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.03.002
Wang JT, Zheng YA, Wang AQ (2013) Coated kapok fiber for removal of spilled oil. Mar Pollut Bull 69:91–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.007
Wang ZX, Barford JP, Hui CW, Mckay G (2015) Kinetic and equilibrium studies of hydrophilic and hydrophobic rice husk cellulosic fibers used as oil spill sorbents. Chem Eng J 281:961–969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.07.002
Weber WJ, Morris JC (1963) Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution. J Sanit Eng Div Am Soc Civil Eng 89:31–59
Wei QF, Mather RR, Fotheringham AF (2005) Oil removal from used sorbents using a biosurfactant. Bioresour Technol 96:331–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.04.005
Wu W, Li J, Lan T, Müller K, Niazi NK, Chen X, Xu S, Zheng L, Chu Y, Li J, Yuan G, Wang H (2017) Unraveling sorption of lead in aqueous solutions by chemically modified biochar derived from coconut fiber: a microscopic and spectroscopic investigation. Sci Total Environ 576:766–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.163
Wuana RA, Nnamonu LA, Idoko JO (2015) Sorptive removal of phenol from aqueous solution by ammonium chloride-treated and carbonized moringa oleifera seed shells. Int J Sci Res 4:594–602
Yang X, Lu K, McGrouther K, Che L, Hu G, Wang Q, Liu X, Shen L, Huang H, Ye Z, Wang H (2017) Bioavailability of cd and Zn in soils treated with biochars derived from tobacco stalk and dead pigs. J Soils Sediments 17:751–762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1326-9
Yao ZY, Wang LH, Qi JH (2009) Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using a bioenergy forest waste: Xanthoceras sorbifolia seed coat. CLEAN - Soil Air Water 37:642–648. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.200900093
Yao Q, Zhao PH, Li R, Li CZ, Luo Y, Zhou GZ, Yang ML (2017) Fabrication of recyclable carbonized asphalt-melamine sponges with high oil-absorption capability. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 92:1415–1420. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5137
Yousef RI, El-Eswed B, Al-Muhtaseb AH (2011) Adsorption characteristics of natural zeolites as solid adsorbents for phenol removal from aqueous solutions: kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics studies. Chem Eng J 171:1143–1149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.05.012
Zadaka-Amir D, Bleiman N, Mishael YG (2013) Sepiolite as an effective natural porous adsorbent for surface oil-spill. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 169:153–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2012.11.002
Zhang WB, Qian XB, Ma LF (2009) Adsorption properties of bamboo charcoal under different carbonized temperatures for heavy metal ions. J Nanjing Forestry Univ 33:20–24 http://www.cnki.net
Zhang S, Zu YG, Fu YJ, Luo M, Liu W, Li J, Efferth T (2010) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of seed oil from yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) and its anti-oxidant activity. Bioresour Technol 101:2537–2544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.082
Zhang XT, Hao YN, Wang XM, Chen ZJ, Li C (2016) Competitive adsorption of cadmium(II) and mercury(II) ions from aqueous solutions by activated carbon from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge hull. J Chem 1:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4326351
Zhu L, Wang Y, Wang YX, You LJ, Shen XQ, Li SJ (2017) An environmentally friendly carbon aerogels derived from waste pomelo peels for the removal of organic pollutants/oils. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 241:285–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.12.033
Funding
The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the National “Twelfth Five-Year” Plan for Science & Technology Support (2012BAD32B08) of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2017A030311019).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 28 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, L., Wang, L., Song, W. et al. Crude oil removal from aqueous solution using raw and carbonized Xanthoceras sorbifolia shells. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 29325–29334 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2895-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2895-0