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Investigation on spatiotemporal distribution of aerosol optical properties over two oceanic regions surrounding Indian subcontinent during summer monsoon season

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Abstract

Columnar spectral aerosol optical depths (AODs) and total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) concentrations were collected on board the Oceanographic Research Vessel (ORV) of Sagar Kanya (SK) during 7–21 June 2014 (SK-313) and 31 July–14 August 2015 (SK-323) over the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB), respectively, for the two successive years during summer monsoon season. AOD measured at 500 nm (AOD500) varied significantly from 0.08 to 0.66 (0.07 to 0.60), with a mean of 0.48 ± 0.13 (0.34 ± 0.13) over the BoB (AS) during SK-313 (SK-323). It simply implies that aerosol load was higher over BoB, not variability as the standard deviations of AOD over both oceans are identical (0.13). Daily AOD500 ranged between 0.15 and 0.60 accounted for 70–75% of the total occurrences over two oceanic regions. Mean Ångström exponent (α or alpha) and Ångström turbidity coefficient (β or beta) were found to be 0.43 ± 0.17 (0.39 ± 0.19) and 0.37 ± 0.15 (0.27 ± 0.13), respectively, which are higher over the AS during SK-323 (SK-313) that indicate predominance of coarse-relative to fine-mode particles. On the other hand, the spectral curvature and second derivative of alpha (α′) also showed significant contribution of coarse-mode particles over fine during the two campaigns. Further, column aerosol size distribution (CSD) derived from the King’s inversion also exhibited bimodal distribution with a predominant peak observed in the coarse mode (~1.0 μm) compared to the fine mode at a geometric mean radius at ~0.1 μm over two oceans. The observed data showed that the two marine regions are significantly influenced by various types of aerosols with a predominance of mixed type (MT) of aerosols. From the morphological study, it is inferred that the particles are a flake, spherical, irregular, and in flower and aggregated shapes conducted for the TSPM samples collected during SK-323 over the AS. Finally, the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model is used to study the impact of long-distance transported aerosols and identify their sources.

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors (G. Reshma Begam) sincerely thanks the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, for awarding fellowship under the INSPIRE fellowship Programme. We are particularly grateful to Dr. K. Krishna Moorthy, ISRO Head Quarters, Bangalore, and Dr. S. Suresh Babu SPL, Trivandrum, for their constant encouragement and support in learning new things through fruitful discussions. Authors are also thankful to the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR) for giving the opportunity and providing onboard facilities in the ORV Sagar Kanya during the two cruises for carrying out scientific work. We greatly acknowledge the help and support rendered by crew members of SK-313 and SK-323 in allowing us to conduct measurements and collect samples over the BoB and AS. We also thank the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for providing the HYSPLIT transport-dispersion model and NCEP/NCAR of Climate Diagnostic Centre, Boulder, Colorado, for providing the reanalysis data used in this study. The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. Gerhard Lammel, Editor-in-Chief of the journal, and the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and constructive suggestions towards the improvement of an earlier version of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Indian Space Research Organization–Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (ISRO-GBP) under Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India (ARFI) project. One of the corresponding authors (K. R. Kumar) acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 91644224) for the financial support to execute work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atmospheric Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, 516 003, India

    Chaturvedula Viswanatha Vachaspati & Yadiki Nazeer Ahammed

  2. Department of Physics, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam-IIIT Ongole (IIIT-Ongole), Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh, 516 330, India

    Gurramkonda Reshma Begam

  3. Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China

    Kanike Raghavendra Kumar

  4. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishna Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    Tuhin Kumar Mandel

  5. Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India

    Kotalo Rama Gopal & Rajuru Ramakrishna Reddy

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  1. Chaturvedula Viswanatha Vachaspati
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Correspondence to Yadiki Nazeer Ahammed or Kanike Raghavendra Kumar.

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Vachaspati, C.V., Begam, G.R., Ahammed, Y.N. et al. Investigation on spatiotemporal distribution of aerosol optical properties over two oceanic regions surrounding Indian subcontinent during summer monsoon season. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 27039–27058 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2682-y

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