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Effects of a novel neonicotinoid insecticide cycloxaprid on earthworm, Eisenia fetida

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Abstract

Cycloxaprid (CYC) is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide with high activity against resistant pests but is safe for mammals. The toxic effects of CYC on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were studied in this paper. The 14-day exposure results showed that CYC is potentially toxic to earthworms, with a 14d-LC50 of 10.21 mg/kg dry soil, and that it induced tissue damage to the epidermis, gut, and neurochord at sublethal doses. During a 21-day exposure, CYC induced oxidative stress in earthworms, and both enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were impacted. In addition, expression of the genes Cat and Sod were down- and upregulated, respectively. The activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was increased at day 7 but decreased at day 21 after CYC exposure, while expression of the signal transduction-related genes was significantly regulated. Our study shows for the first time that negative impacts could be induced by CYC on earthworms under both acute and chronic exposure through oxidative stress and gene regulation. The present study provides a database for assessing the environmental risk to non-target organisms resulting from the use of CYC.

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Acknowledgements

This work was mainly funded by the China Post-doctoral Science Foundation (No.2015M570178) and kindly supported by Dr. Wenting Zhao by the Young Teacher Science Fund of Da Bei Nong Group (15ZK002) and Young Teacher Science Fund of Beijng University of Agriculture (2017516006). We thank Dr. Shao Xusheng in East China University of Science and Technology for kindly providing CYC.

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  1. Suzhen Qi and Donghui Wang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China

    Suzhen Qi, Lizhen Zhu, Xiaofeng Xue & Liming Wu

  2. China Agricultural University, College of Sciences, Being, 10093, China

    Suzhen Qi, Lizhen Zhu, Miaomiao Teng & Chengju Wang

  3. College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China

    Donghui Wang

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  1. Suzhen Qi
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  3. Lizhen Zhu
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  4. Miaomiao Teng
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Correspondence to Liming Wu.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Qi, S., Wang, D., Zhu, L. et al. Effects of a novel neonicotinoid insecticide cycloxaprid on earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 14138–14147 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1624-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1624-z

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