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Occurrence and assessment of the risk of ultraviolet filters and light stabilizers in Victorian estuaries

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Abstract

This reconnaissance study was undertaken to examine the occurrence of common ultraviolet filters (UVF) and light stabilizers (UVLS), and preservatives in four different estuaries in Port Philip Bay, Victoria, for the first time. In total, 11 UV filters, 10 UV stabilizers, 12 preservatives and a metabolite, and one fragrance were screened in grab samples of water and sediment using a combination of solid phase extraction and gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry measurement techniques. In that context, 16 of the UVF and UVLS and 5 of the preservatives screened were observed in water and/or sediment samples. There are no marine water quality guideline values for any of the fragrances, preservatives and UV filters and light stabilizers in Australia’s current national water quality guidelines, so potential risk was assessed using the risk quotient (RQ) and toxic unit (TU) concepts. In that context, only two chemicals (OC and EHMC) had both an RQ above 1 and a log10TU above − 3, suggesting that few of the screened chemicals would have posed an individual, short-term risk to organisms in the waters studied at the time of sampling. However, the detection of common UV filters, such as 4MBC, EHMC, OC and the common preservatives 2-PE, MP, and PB in these Victorian estuaries highlights that the existence of personal care products in the environment is not just an issue for more densley populated countries in the northern hemisphere, but also potentially of concern in Australia. And, in that context, more sampling campaigns in Port Philip Bay are of paramount importance to assess the potential risk posed by these compounds to aquatic ecosystems.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this study was provided by the Department of Primary Industries, Victoria (DPI Project #06889); additional resources were provided by the Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), and the Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research. At the time of the study, CAPIM was funded by The Victorian Science Agenda Investment Fund, managed by the Department of Business and Innovation, Victoria (DBI) (www.innovation.vic.gov.au) with partner funding contributed from Melbourne Water, Department of Primary Industries (Victoria), and Environment Protection Authority (Victoria). The authors would like to thank members of CAPIM for their assistance with sampling, particularly Dr. Kathryn Hassell.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia

    Mayumi Allinson

  2. Chiba Institute of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0016, Japan

    Yutaka Kameda

  3. Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research, 7-5-12 Suzuya, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 338-0013, Japan

    Kumiko Kimura

  4. Future Farming Systems Research Division, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, DEPI Queenscliff Centre, Queenscliff, Victoria, 3225, Australia

    Graeme Allinson

  5. School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia

    Graeme Allinson

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  1. Mayumi Allinson
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  2. Yutaka Kameda
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Correspondence to Graeme Allinson.

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Allinson, M., Kameda, Y., Kimura, K. et al. Occurrence and assessment of the risk of ultraviolet filters and light stabilizers in Victorian estuaries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 12022–12033 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1386-7

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