Skip to main content
Log in

Water resources vulnerability assessment in the Adriatic Sea region: the case of Corfu Island

  • Efficient & Sustainable Water Systems Management toward Worth Living Development
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cross-border water resources management and protection is a complicated task to achieve, lacking a common methodological framework. Especially in the Adriatic region, water used for drinking water supply purposes pass from many different countries, turning its management into a hard task to achieve. During the DRINKADRIA project, a common methodological framework has been developed, for efficient and effective cross-border water supply and resources management, taking into consideration different resources types (surface and groundwater) emphasizing in drinking water supply intake. The common methodology for water resources management is based on four pillars: climate characteristics and climate change, water resources availability, quality, and security. The present paper assesses both present and future vulnerability of water resources in the Adriatic region, with special focus on Corfu Island, Greece. The results showed that climate change is expected to impact negatively on water resources availability while at the same time, water demand is expected to increase. Water quality problems will be intensified especially due to land use changes and salt water intrusion. The analysis identified areas where water resources are more vulnerable, allowing decision makers develop management strategies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Kalbani MS, Price MF, Abahussain A, Ahmed M, O’Higgins T (2014) Vulnerability assessment of environmental and climate change impacts on water resources in Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman. Water 6(10):3118–3135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Saidi M, Birnbaum D, Buriti R, Diek H, Hasselbring C, Jimenez A, Woinowski D (2016) Water resources vulnerability assessment of MENA countries considering energy and virtual water interactions. Procedia Eng 145:900–907

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnell N, Bates B, Lang H, Magnuson JJ, Mulholland P (1996) Hydrology and freshwater ecology. In: Watson RT et al (eds) Climate change 1995: impacts, adaptations, and mitigation of climate change. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp 325-364

  • Babel MS, Wahid SM (2009) Freshwater under threat: South Asia—vulnerability assessment of freshwater resources to environmental change. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi

    Google Scholar 

  • Balica SF, Douben N, Wright NG (2009) Flood vulnerability indices at varying spatial scales. Water Sci Technol 60:2571–2580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baruffi F, Cisotto A, Cimolino A, Ferri M, Monego M, Norbiato D, Cappelletto M, Bisaglia M, Pretner A, Galli A, Scarinci A, Marsala V, Panelli C, Gualdi S, Bucchignani E, Torresan S, Pasini S, Critto A, Marcomini A (2012) Climate change impact assessment on Veneto and Friuli plain groundwater. Part I: an integrated modeling approach for hazard scenario construction. Sci Total Environ 440:154–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks N, Adger WN, Kelly PM (2005) The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Glob Environ Chang 15(2):151–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CEC (2007) Towards sustainable water management in the EU-First stage in the implementation of the WFD 2000/60/EC. Commission staff working document accompanying the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. SEC(2007), 362

  • CC-WARE (2013) WP3 - Vulnerability of Water Resources in SEE. Report within South East Europe project CC-WARE Mitigating Vulnerability of Water Resources under Climate Change. Cencur Curk B (ed.). Available at: http://www.ccware.eu/output-documentation/2-uncategorised/23-output-wp3.html. Accessed 25 January 2017

  • CC-WaterS (2012) Climate Change andImpacts on Water Supply. CC-WaterS Monograph. Koeck, R. (ed.). Available at: http://www.ccwaters.eu/downloads/CC-WaterS_Project_Monography_final.pdfAccessed 25 January 2017

  • Cencur Curk B, Nistor MM (2016) Vulnerability of water resources in the Adriatic area, Proceedings of the international symposium “cross-border drinking water management” 203-207, Rijeka Croatia, 29 January

  • Collet L, Ruelland D, Estupina VB, Dezetter A, Servat E (2015) Water supply sustainability and adaptation strategies under anthropogenic and climatic changes of a meso-scale Mediterranean catchment. Sci Total Environ 536:589–602. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.093

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chung ES, Park K, Lee KS (2011) The relative impacts of climate change and urbanization on the hydrological response of a Korean urban watershed. Hydrol Process 25(4):544–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DRINKADRIA (2015) Climate and climate change database for Adriatic area.Report of deliverable WP4.1, IPA-Adriatic project DRINKADRIA, 2015. Available at: http://www.Drinkadria.Eu/fileadmin/user_upload/4.1_Climate_and_climate_change_database_for_Adriatic_area.Pdf accessed 25 January 2017

  • DRINKADRIA (2016a) Common methodology for determination of water availability in Adriatic region. Report of Deliverable 42, IPA-Adriatic project DRINKADRIA, 2016 Available at: http://drinkadriafgguni-ljsi/externalapp/content/outputs/WP4/FB8_Common%20methodology%20for%20determination%20of%20water%20availability%20on%20Adriatic%20area_act%2042pdf. Accessed 25 January 2017

  • DRINKADRIA (2016b) Common protocol for water (re)sources monitoring activities in the Adriatic region. Report, IPA-Adriatic project DRINKADRIA, 2016 Available at: http://drinkadriafgguni-ljsi/externalapp/content/outputs/WP4/FB8_Common%20protocol%20for%20water%20(re)sources%20monitoring%20activities%20in%20the%20Adriatic%20region_act%2043pdf. Accessed 25 January 2017

  • DRINKADRIA (2016c) Drinking water protection zones in the Adriatic region—state of the art and guidelines for the improvement of the present status. Report, IPA-Adriatic project DRINKADRIA, September 2016 Available at: http://drinkadriafgguni-ljsi/externalapp/content/outputs/WP4/FB8_FB5_Common%20methodology%20for%20WR%20vulnerability_act441pdf. Accessed 25 January 2017

  • DRINKADRIA (2016d) Joint report on proposal of measures for cross-border water resources protection and management for Adriatic area. Report, IPA-Adriatic project DRINKADRIA, September 2016 Available at: http://drinkadriafgguni-ljsi/externalapp/content/outputs/WP4/FB8_FB5_CBWR%20protection%20and%20management_act443pdf. Accessed 25 January 2017

  • DRINKADRIA (2016e) Regional water resources availability and vulnerability. Report, IPA-Adriatic project DRINKADRIA, November 2016 Available at: http://drinkadriafgguni-ljsi/externalapp/content/outputs/WP4/FB8_FB5_Common%20methodology%20for%20WR%20vulnerability_act441pdf. Accessed 13 January 2017

  • DRINKADRIA (2016f) Report on common methodology on estimation of climate change induced land use changes and changes in water quality on test areas Report, IPA-Adriatic project DRINKADRIA, July 2016. Available at: http://Drinkadria.Fgg.Uni-lj.Si/externalapp/content/outputs/WP4/FB8_Common%20methodology%20on%20estimation%20of%20climate%20change%20induced%20land%20use%20changes%20and%20changes%20in%20water%20quality%20on%20test%20areas_act%204.3.pdf. Accessed 25 January 2017

  • DRINKADRIA (2016g) Water quality trends on test areas (water resources). Report of Deliverable 43, IPA-Adriatic project DRINKADRIA, 2016 Available at:http://drinkadriafgguni-ljsi/externalapp/content/outputs/WP4/FB8_Water%20quality%20trends%20on%20test%20areas%20(water%20resources)_act%2043pdf Accessed 13 January 2017

  • Gain AK, Giupponi C, Renaud FG (2012) Climate change adaptation and vulnerability assessment of water resources systems in developing countries: a generalized framework and a feasibility study in Bangladesh. Water 4(2):345–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Georgakakos AP, Yao H, Kistenmacher M, Georgakakos KP, Graham NE, Cheng FY, Spencer C, Shamir E (2012) Value of adaptive water resources management in Northern California under climatic variability and change: reservoir management. J Hydrol 412-413:34–46. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.04.038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleick PH (1990) Vulnerability of water systems. In: Waggoner PE (ed) Climate change and U.S. water resources. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 223–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez APA, Engle NL, De Nys E, Molejón C, Martins ES (2014) Drought preparedness in Brazil. Weather Clim Extremes 3:95–106. doi:10.1016/j.wace.2013.12.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamouda MH, Nour El-Din MM, Moursy FI (2009) Vulnerability assessment of water resources systems in the Eastern Nile Basin. Water Resour Manag 23:2697–2725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haque MM, Egodawatta P, Rahman A, Goonetilleke A (2015) Assessing the significance of climate and community factors on urban water demand. Int J Sustain Built Environ 4:222–230. doi:10.1016/j.ijsbe.2015.11.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitson BC, Crane RG (2006) Consensus between GCM climate change projections with empirical downscaling: precipitation downscaling over South Africa. Int J Climatol 26(10):1315–1337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Cai M (2009) Methodologies guideline for vulnerability assessment of freshwater resources to environmental change. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurd B, Leary N, Jones R, Smith J (1999) Relative regional vulnerability of water resources to climate change. J Am Water Resour Assoc 35(6):1399–1409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC TAR WG1 (2001) Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Noguer M, van der Linden PJ, Dai X, Maskell K, Johnson CA (eds) Climate Change 2001: The scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press

  • IPCC(2014) Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp

  • Jun KS, Chung ES, Sung JY, Lee KS (2011) Development of spatial water resources vulnerability index considering climate change impacts. Sci Total Environ 409(24):5228–5242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczmarek Z, Arnell NW, Stakhiv EZ, et al (1996) Water resources management. In: Watson RT et al (eds) Climate change 1995: impacts, adaptations, and mitigation of climate change. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp 469-486

  • Kanakoudis V, Tsitsifli S (2010) On-going evaluation of the WFD 2000/60/EC implementation process in the European Union seven years after its launch: are we behind schedule? Water Policy 1(12):70-91

  • Kanakoudis V, Tsitsifli S, Azariadi T (2015b) Overview of the River Basin Management Plans developed in Greece under the context of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC focusing on the economic analysis. Water Resour Manag 29(9):3149-3174

  • Kanakoudis V, Tsitsifli S (2015) River basin management plans developed in Greece, based on the Water Framework Directive. Desalin Water Treat 56(5):1231-1239

  • Kanakoudis V, Papadopoulou A, Tsitsifli S, Altran E, Cencur Curk B, Karleusa B, Matic B, Banovec P (2015a) Drinkadria project: from an idea to policy recommendation—a common approach development, towards water resources management and supply, across Adriatic Sea countries Proceedings of the 9th EWRA world congress “water resources Management in a Changing World: challenges and opportunities”, Istanbul, Turkey, 10-13/6

  • Kanakoudis V, Tsitsifli S, Papadopoulou A, Cencur Curk B, Karleusa B (2016) Estimating the water resources vulnerability index in the Adriatic Sea region. Procedia Eng 162C:476–485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karleusa B, Rubinic J, Radman I, Volf G, Krvavica N (2016) Cross-border water resources management in present conditions and for future scenarios. Proceedings of the International Symposium “Cross-Border Drinking Water Management” 59-90, 29 January, Rijeka, Croatia

  • Lane ME, Kirshen PH, Vogel RM (1999) Indicators of impacts of global climate change on U.S. water resources. J Water Resour Plan Manag 125(4):194–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu LN, Liu WL (2017) Risk assessment of drought-induced water scarcity in upper and middle reaches of Xiu River. IOP Conf Ser : Earth Environ Sci 59:012057. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/59/1/012057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meuleman AF, Cirkel G, Zwolsman GJ (2007) When climate change is a fact! Adaptive strategies for drinking water production in a changing natural environment. Water Sci Technol 56:137–144. doi:10.2166/wst.2007.545

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NERI “National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark” (2002) Burden sharing in the context of global climate change, a north-south perspective. NERI Technical Report, No. 424

  • Pandey VP, Babel MS, Shrestha S, Kazama F (2010) Vulnerability of freshwater resources in large and medium Nepalese river basins to environmental change. Water Sci Technol 61:1525–1534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey VP, Babel MS, Shrestha S, Kazama F (2011) A framework to assess adaptive capacity of the water resources system in Nepalese river basins. Ecol Indic 11:480–488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pasini S, Torresan S, Rizzi J, Zabeo A, Critto A, Marcomini A (2012) Climate change impact assessment in Veneto and Friuli plain groundwater. Part II: a spatially resolved regional risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 440:219–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prefectural Administration of Corfu 2008 Special report for the activities location in Corfu Prefecture (in Greek)

  • Raskin P, Gleick PH, Kirshen P, Pontius G, Strzepek K (1997) Water futures: assessment of long-range patterns and problems in comprehensive assessment of the freshwater resources of the world. Stockholm Environment Institute, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • River Basin Management Plan of Epirus Water District (2010) Available at: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/50953375/RBMP_GR05.pdfAccessed 15 May 2015

  • Rogers PK, Jalal B, Lakhani G, Owens C, Yu C, Dufournaud JB (1997) Measuring environmental quality in Asia. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabbir R, Ahmad SS (2015) Water resource vulnerability assessment in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). J King Saud Univ Sci. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2015.09.007

  • Simha P, Mutiara ZZ, Gaganis P (2017) Vulnerability assessment of water resources and adaptive management approach for Lesvos Island, Greece. Sustain Water Resour Manag. doi:10.1007/s40899-017-0095-6

  • Sisto NP, Ramírez AI, Aguilar-Barajas I, Magaña-Rueda V (2016) Climate threats, water supply vulnerability and the risk of a water crisis in the Monterrey Metropolitan area (Northeastern Mexico). Phys Chem Earth Parts A/B/C 91:2–9. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2015.08.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi W, Xia J, Gippel CJ, Chen J, Hong S (2017) Influence of disaster risk, exposure and water quality on vulnerability of surface water resources under a changing climate in the Haihe River basin. Water Int. doi:10.1080/02508060.2017.1301143

  • Sullivan C (2002) Calculating a water poverty index. World Dev 30(7):1195–1210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan CA (2011) Quantifying water vulnerability: a multi-dimensional approach. Stoch Env Res Risk A 25:627–640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torresan S, Critto A, Rizzi J, Marcomini A (2012) Assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change hazards at the regional scale: the case study of the North Adriatic Sea. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12(7):2347–2368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The United Nations World Water Development Report (2015) Water for a sustainable world, http://unesdocunescoorg/images/0023/002318/231823Epdf Accessed 20 May 2016

  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Sixth National Communications (NC6) (2014) http://unfccc.int/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/items/7742.php http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster. Accessed 20 May 2016

  • Vogel RM, Lane M, Ravindiran RS, Kirshen P (1999) Storage reservoir behavior in the United States. J Water Resour Plan Manag 125(5):245–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • http://www.geoclima.eu/

  • http://www.emy.gr/

  • http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2000-raster-1

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is elaborated through a project co-funded by the European Union, IPA Adriatic CBC Programme 2007-2013 (DRINKADRIA project, 1o str./0004, further info: www.drinkadria.eu).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stavroula Tsitsifli.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Kenneth Mei Yee Leung

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kanakoudis, V., Tsitsifli, S., Papadopoulou, A. et al. Water resources vulnerability assessment in the Adriatic Sea region: the case of Corfu Island. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 20173–20186 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9732-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9732-8

Keywords

Navigation