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Assessment of water resource contamination by pesticides in vegetable-producing areas in Burkina Faso

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Abstract

This study proposes a comprehensive approach to investigate water resource contamination by pesticides under the specific climatic and hydrological conditions of the Sudano-Sahelian climate. Samples were collected from traditional wells, boreholes, and a lake in Burkina Faso. A multiresidue analysis was developed for 25 pesticides identified during field surveys. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were used to confirm trends observed with grab samples. Uptake kinetics of POCIS were assessed by in situ calibration. The proposed use of nonlinear least squares regression proved to be a robust approach for estimating time-weighted average concentration in cases of nonlinear uptake. High sampling rates for triazines in a quasi-stagnant lake were attributed to warm water temperatures (30.8 ± 1.3 °C). The combination of sampling techniques during a 3-year monitoring period allowed for identifying potential interactions between resources, seasonal patterns, and origins of contaminants. Atrazine, azadirachtin, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, dieldrin, imidacloprid, and profenofos exceeded 0.1 μg L−1, indicating a potential risk for the consumers. Ecological risk assessment was performed using the Pesticide Tool Index for fish, cladocerans, and benthic invertebrates. Peak concentrations of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were systematically associated with hazard to the studied taxa.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dominique Grandjean for his participation in the method development and his skillful technical assistance on the project. We thank Boukary Sawadogo and Nadiah Congo for their assistance during the field and laboratory work in Burkina Faso. We thank Nicolas Estoppey and Sandrine Biau-Lalanne for their support and advice regarding methodology and data interpretation. Finally, we particularly acknowledge the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) for financing the present research through the 3E program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Central Environmental Laboratory, Station 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Edouard Lehmann, Morgan Fargues & Luiz Felippe de Alencastro

  2. Laboratoire Eau, Dépollution, Écosystèmes et Santé, Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement, Ouagadougou 01, BP, 594, Burkina Faso

    Jean-Jacques Nfon Dibié & Yacouba Konaté

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  1. Edouard Lehmann
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  2. Morgan Fargues
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  3. Jean-Jacques Nfon Dibié
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  4. Yacouba Konaté
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  5. Luiz Felippe de Alencastro
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Correspondence to Edouard Lehmann or Luiz Felippe de Alencastro.

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Responsible editor: Ester Heath

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Lehmann, E., Fargues, M., Nfon Dibié, JJ. et al. Assessment of water resource contamination by pesticides in vegetable-producing areas in Burkina Faso. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 3681–3694 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0665-z

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