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Ecotoxicological efficiency of advanced ozonation processes with TiO2 and black light used in the degradation of carbamazepine

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological efficiency of two advanced ozonation processes (AOzPs), the catalytic ozonation (O3/TiO2) and the photocatalytic ozonation (O3/TiO2/black light), in the remotion of carbamazepine. The ecotoxicological efficiency was assessed through the use of lethal and sublethal assays with species Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna. Results demonstrated that the AOzPs presented an efficiency of carbamazepine removal higher than 99% (carbamazepine < 2 μg/L) after 12 min of treatment. Relatively to ecotoxicological evaluation, application of acute assay to V. fischeri and chronic assay to D. magna allowed us to highlight that these technologies may form some transformation products that induce toxicity in the bacteria and the crustacean, once these organisms exposed to the undiluted solutions (100%) showed a decrease in the bioluminescence (vibrio) and end up dying before and during the first reproduction (daphnia). Despite that, when the chronic results obtained with the diluted solutions (50 and 25%; important to assess a more realistic scenario considering the dilution factor at the environment) were analyzed, no mortality at the mothers was observed. Compared to a carbamazepine solution (200 μg/L), diluted solutions improved of the reproduction parameters, and no toxic effects in the juvenoid system and in the embryonic development were observed. Relatively to the ecdysteroid effect of a carbamazepine solution (200 μg/L), only the photocatalytic ozonation treatment was able to remove the action of the drug. These results highlight the importance of complementing chemical analysis with ecotoxicological bioassays to assess the best technology to improve the surface water and effluent quality.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the financial support given to Oropesa AL by Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spain) within the Programa Estatal de Promoción del Talento y su Empleabilidad en I+D+i, Subprograma Estatal de Movilidad, del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013–2016 through a post-doctoral research grant (CAS15-00049). Also, F.J. Beltrán thanks the economic support of Mineco and Feder Funds given through CTQ2015/64944R project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain

    Ana Lourdes Oropesa

  2. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biotecnología Ganadera y Cinegética (INBIO G+C), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain

    Ana Lourdes Oropesa

  3. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain

    Fernando Juan Beltrán & Juan José Pérez Sagasti

  4. Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain

    Fernando Juan Beltrán

  5. Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária de Beja, 7801-295, Beja, Portugal

    António Miguel Floro & Patrícia Palma

  6. Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), FCT, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Patrícia Palma

Authors
  1. Ana Lourdes Oropesa
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  2. Fernando Juan Beltrán
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  3. António Miguel Floro
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  4. Juan José Pérez Sagasti
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  5. Patrícia Palma
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana Lourdes Oropesa.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Responsible editor: Vítor Pais Vilar

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Oropesa, A.L., Beltrán, F.J., Floro, A.M. et al. Ecotoxicological efficiency of advanced ozonation processes with TiO2 and black light used in the degradation of carbamazepine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 1670–1682 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0602-1

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