Abstract
Currently, generation of solid waste per capita in Malaysia is about 1.1 kg/day. Over 26,500 t of solid waste is disposed almost solely through 166 operating landfills in the country every day. Despite the availability of other disposal methods, landfill is the most widely accepted and prevalent method for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in developing countries, including Malaysia. This is mainly ascribed to its inherent forte in terms cost saving and simpler operational mechanism. However, there is a downside. Environmental pollution caused by the landfill leachate has been one of the typical dilemmas of landfilling method. Leachate is the liquid produced when water percolates through solid waste and contains dissolved or suspended materials from various disposed materials and biodecomposition processes. It is often a high-strength wastewater with extreme pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), inorganic salts and toxicity. Its composition differs over the time and space within a particular landfill, influenced by a broad spectrum of factors, namely waste composition, landfilling practice (solid waste contouring and compacting), local climatic conditions, landfill’s physico-chemical conditions, biogeochemistry and landfill age. This paper summarises an overview of landfill operation and leachate treatment availability reported in literature: a broad spectrum of landfill management opportunity, leachate parameter discussions and the way forward of landfill leachate treatment applicability.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas AA, Jingsong G, Ping LZ, Ya PY, Al-Rekabi WS (2009) Review on Landfill Leachate Treatments. J Appl Sci Res 5(5):534–545
Agamuthu P (2010) Implications of SWM legislations in Malaysia. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Hayama
Agamuthu P (2011) 3R policy implementation in Malaysia: strategic gap analysis & recommendations. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Hayama
Agamuthu P & Fauziah SH (2008) Solid waste landfilling: Environmental factors and health. In Proceedings of the EU-Asia Solid Waste Management Conference, Malaysia, 28-29th October 2008. Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Agarwal SP, Anwer MK, Khanna R, Ali A, Sultana Y (2010) Humic acid from Shilajit—a physico-chemical and spectroscopic characterization. J Serb Chem Soc 75:413–422
Ahn DH, Yun-Chul C, Won-Seok C (2002) Use of coagulation and zeolite to enhance the biological treatment efficiency of high ammonia leachate. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering 37(2):163–173. https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120002580
AIT/UNEP (2010) Municipal waste management report: Status-quo and issues in Southeast and East Asian countries. Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)/United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), Kenya
Al-Hamadani YA, Yusoff MS, Umar M, Bashir MJ, Adlan MN (2011) Application of psyllium husk as coagulant and coagulant aid in semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment. J Hazard mater 190(1):582–587
Alvarez-Vazquez H, Jefferson B, and Judd SJ (2004) Membrane bioreactors vs conventional biological treatment of landfill leachate: a brief review. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 79(10):1043–1049
Amokrane A, Comel C, Veron J (1997) Landfill leachates pretreatment by coagulation-flocculation. Water Res 31:2775–2782
Anfruns A, Gabarró J, Gonzalez-Olmos R, Puig S, Balaguer MD, Colprim J (2013) Coupling anammox and advanced oxidation-based technologies for mature landfill leachate treatment. J Hazard Mater 258:27–34
Anglada Á, Urtiaga A, Ortiz I, Mantzavinos D, Diamadopoulos E (2011) Boron-doped diamond anodic treatment of landfill leachate: evaluation of operating variables and formation of oxidation by-products. Water Res 45(2):828–838
Annadurai G, Sung S, Lee D-J (2004) Simultaneous removal of turbidity and humic acid from high turbidity stormwater. Adv Environ Res 8:713–725
Aydın F, Kuleyin A (2011) The effect of modification and initial concentration on ammonia removal from leachate by zeolite. World Acad Sci Eng Technol Int J Environ Chem Ecol Geol Geophys Eng 5:336–339
Aziz HA, Yusoff MS, Adlan MN, Adnan NH, Alias S (2004) Physico-chemical removal of iron from semi-aerobic landfill leachate by limestone filter. Waste Manag 24:353–358
Aziz HA, Alias S, Assari F, Adlan MN (2007) The use of alum, ferric chloride and ferrous sulphate as coagulants in removing suspended solids, colour and COD from semi-aerobic landfill leachate at controlled pH. Waste Manag Res 25:556–565
Backhaus T, Faust M (2012) Predictive environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures: a conceptual framework. Environ Sci Technol 46:2564–2573
Bank W (2011) Malaysia economic monitor. 1—smart cities. World Bank. R, Bangkok
Bashir MJ, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS, Adlan MN (2010) Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of ammoniacal nitrogen removal from semi-aerobic landfill leachate using ion exchange resin. Desalination 254:154–161
Bong, C.P.C., Ho, W.S., Hashim, H., Lim, J.S., Ho, C.S., Tan, W.S.P. and Lee, C.T., 2016. Review on the renewable energy and solid waste management policies towards biogas development in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 70(July 2015):988–998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.004
Çeçen F, Aktas Ö (2004) Aerobic co-treatment of landfill leachate with domestic wastewater. Environ Eng Sci 21:303–312
Chen, J, Wang, W, Wu, F, You, C, Liu, T, Dong, X, He, J & Zheng, H (2012) Hydrogen sulfide alleviates aluminum toxicity in barley seedlings. Plant and Soil. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1275-7
Ching, S.L., Yusoff, M.S., Aziz, H.A. and Umar, M., 2011. Influence of impregnation ratio on coffee ground activated carbon as landfill leachate adsorbent for removal of total iron and orthophosphate. Desalination, 279(1), pp.225–234
Chong TL, Matsufuji Y, Hassan MN (2005) Implementation of the semi-aerobic landfill system (Fukuoka method) in developing countries: a Malaysia cost analysis. Waste Manag 25:702–711
Christensen TH, Kjeldsen P, Albrechtsen H Jr, Heron G, Nielsen PH, Bjerg PL, Holm PE (1994) Attenuation of landfill leachate pollutants in aquifers. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 24:119–202
Chu L, Cheung K, Wong M (1994) Variations in the chemical properties of landfill leachate. Environ Manag 18:105–117
Comstock SE, Boyer TH, Graf KC, Townsend TG (2010) Effect of landfill characteristics on leachate organic matter properties and coagulation treatability. Chemosphere 81:976–983
Cortez S, Teixeira P, Oliveira R, Mota M (2011) Evaluation of Fenton and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes as mature landfill leachate pre-treatments. J Environ Manag 92(3):749–755
De Velásquez MTO, Cruz-Rivera R, Rojas-Valencia N, Monje-Ramírez I, Sánchez-Gómez J (2003) Serial water balance method for predicting leachate generation in landfills. Waste Manag Res 21:127–136
DOLG (2006) The technical guideline for sanitary landfill: Design and operation. Malaysia: Department of Local Government, Ministry of Housing and Local Government
Donevska K, Jovanovski M, Jovanovski J (2010) Comparative analyses of landfill leachate generation. BALWOIS Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia
DOS (2011) Yearbook of statistics Malaysia 2010, Department of Statistics (DOS), Malaysia
Ehrig H, Robinson H (2010) Landfilling: Leachate treatment. In: Christensen T (ed) Solid Waste Technology and Management, 1 & 2. Blackwell Publishing Ltd./Wiley, United Kingdom, pp 858–897.
Elagroudy SA, Abdel-Razik MH, Abd El-Azeem MM, Ghobrial FH, Warith MA (2009) Effect of waste composition and load application on the biodegradation of municipal solid waste in bioreactor landfills. Prac Period Hazard Toxic Radioact Waste Manag 13:165–173
El-Fadel M, Bou-Zeid E, Chahine W, Alayli B (2002) Temporal variation of leachate quality from pre-sorted and baled municipal solid waste with high organic and moisture content. Waste Manag 22:269–282
Emenike CU, Fauziah SH, Agamuthu P (2012) Characterization and toxicological evaluation of leachate from closed sanitary landfill. Waste Manag Res 30:888–897
Environment Agency (2007) Guidance for the treatment of landfill leachate. Sector Guidance Note IPPC S5.03, IPPC (International Pollution Prevention and Control). Environment Agency, United Kingdom from http://www.environmentagency.gov.uk/static/documents/Business/part_1_leachate_sgn_1738612.pdf
Environment Agency (2008) Environmental risk assessment: Part 2-Assessment of point source releases and cost-benefit analysis. Environment Agency, Bristol, United Kingdom
Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009. Malaysia
EPA (2000) Landfill manuals and landfill site design. Environmental Protection Agency, Wexford
EPU (2006) Tenth Malaysia Plan 2011-2015. Putrajaya, Malaysia: Economic Planning Unit (EPU)
European Commission Waste Landfill Directive (1999) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A31999L0031
European Commission (2010). Being wise with waste: the EU’s approach to waste management. Luxembourg: European Union (EU). https://doi.org/10.2779/93543
Fan HJ, Shu HY, Yang HS, Chen WC (2006) Characteristics of landfill leachates in central Taiwan. Science of the Total Environment 361(1-3):25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.033
Fazeli A, Bakhtvar F, Jahanshaloo L, Sidik NAC, Bayat AE (2016) Malaysia's stand on municipal solid waste conversion to energy: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 58:1007–1016
Fenn DG, Hanley KJ, De Geare TV (1975) Use of the water balance method for predicting leachate generation from solid waste disposal sites, EPA/530/SW-168. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C
Foo K, Hameed B (2009) An overview of landfill leachate treatment via activated carbon adsorption process. J Hazard Mater 171:54–60
Fouad HA, El-Hefny RM, Ali MN, Ahmed MEY (2016) Optimization of SBR system for sanitary landfill leachate treatment in Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 12:56–62
Ghafari S, Aziz HA, Isa MH, Zinatizadeh AA (2009) Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize coagulation–flocculation treatment of leachate using poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) and alum. J Hazard Mater 163(2):650–656
Goh BL (2007) Malaysia. In environmental management centre. In: Mumbai I (ed) Solid waste management: Issues and challenges in Asia. Asian Productivity Organization (APO), Tokyo, Japan, pp 118–141
González C, Buenrostro O, Marquez L, Hernández C, Moreno E, Robles F (2011) Effect of solid wastes composition and confinement time on methane production in a dump. J Environ Prot 2:1310
Guo J-S, Abbas AA, Chen Y-P, Liu Z-P, Fang F, Chen P (2010) Treatment of landfill leachate using a combined stripping Fenton, SBR, and coagulation process. J Hazard Mater 178:699–705
Hanira NM, Hasfalina CM, Sani A, Rashid M (2017) Pre-treatment ammonia removal of scheduled waste leachate with hydrated lime and caustic soda. J Teknol 79(1):107–118
Hannan MA, Al Mamun MA, Hussain A, Basri H, Begum RA (2015) A review on technologies and their usage in solid waste monitoring and management systems: issues and challenges. Waste Manag 43:509–523
Hezri A (2010) Toward 3R-based waste management: policy change in Japan, Malaysia and the Philippines. 3R Policies for Southeast and East Asia Jakarta: ERIA:274–290
Huo SL, Xi BD, Yu HC, Liu HL (2009) Dissolved organic matter in leachate from different treatment processes. Water Environ J 23:15–22
Idris A, Inanc B, Hassan MN (2004) Overview of waste disposal and landfills/dumps in Asian countries. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 6:104–110
IGES, UNCRD & UNEP (2009) National 3R strategy development - A progress report on seven countries in Asia from 2005 to 2009. United Nations Centre for Regional Development, United Nations Environmental Programme/Regional Resource Centre in Asia and the Pacific, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Thailand Retrieved 18th March, 2012, from http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/2637/attach/national_3r_strategy_development(fullversion).pdf
Imura H, Yedla S, Shirakawa H, Memon MA (2005) Urban environmental issues and trends in Asia—an overview. Int Rev Environ Strateg 5:357
Jemec A, Tišler T, Žgajnar-Gotvajn A (2012) Assessment of landfill leachate toxicity reduction after biological treatment. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 62:210–221
Johnson RA (1986) SOILINEr model—documentation and user’s guide. EPA-530-SW-86-006A
Jokela JP, Kettunen RH, Rintala JA (2002) Methane and leachate pollutant emission potential from various fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW): effects of source separation and aerobic treatment. Waste Manag Res 20:424–433
Kadir SASA, Yin CY, Sulaiman MR, Chen X, El-Harbawi M (2013) Incineration of municipal solid waste in Malaysia: salient issues, policies and waste-to-energy initiatives. Renew Sust Energ Rev 24:181–186
Kamaruddin MA, Yusoff MS, Aziz HA, Basri NK (2013) Removal of COD, ammoniacal nitrogen and colour from stabilized landfill leachate by anaerobic organism. Appl Water Sci 3(2):359–366
Kamaruddin MA, Yusoff MS, Aziz HA, Hung YT (2015) Sustainable treatment of landfill leachate. Appl Water Sci 5(2):113–126
Kang K-H, Shin HS, Park H (2002) Characterization of humic substances present in landfill leachates with different landfill ages and its implications. Water Res 36:4023–4032
Karaca F, Özkaya B (2006) NN-LEAP: A neural network-based model for controlling leachate flow-rate in a municipal solid waste landfill site. Environ Modell Soft 21:1190–1197
Katsumata H, Sada M, Kaneco S, Suzuki T, Ohta K, Yobiko Y (2008) Humic acid degradation in aqueous solution by the photo-Fenton process. Chem Eng J 137:225–230
Kashiwadai S, Osaki K, Yasuhara A, Ono Y (2005) Toxicity studies of landfill leachates using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology 11:59–71 from http://www.ecotox.org.au/aje/archives/vol11p59.pdf
Khanbilvardi RM, Ahmed S, Gleason PJ (1995) Flow investigation for landfill leachate (FILL). J Environ Eng 121:45–57
Khattabi H, Aleya L, Mania J (2002) Changes in the quality of landfill leachates from recent and aged municipal solid waste. Waste Manag Res 20:357–364
Kiepper B (2010) Understanding laboratory wastewater tests: I. Organics (BOD, COD, TOC, O&G). The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Athens
Kirmizakis P, Tsamoutsoglou C, Kayan B, Kalderis D (2014) Subcritical water treatment of landfill leachate: application of response surface methodology. J Environ Manag 146:9–15
Kjeldsen P, Barlaz MA, Rooker AP, Baun A, Ledin A, Christensen TH (2002) Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 32:297–336
Komilis D, Ham R, Stegmann R (1999) The effect of municipal solid waste pretreatment on landfill behavior: a literature review. Waste Manag Res 17:10–19
Kühle-Weidemeier M (2003). Present and future landfill policy in Germany. In Seminar on research, practical experience and views of modern landfills in Germany, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. Germany: Wasteconsult International. Retrieved 15th June, 2012, from http://www.wasteconsult.de/policy.pdf
Kurniawan TA, Lo W-H, Chan GY (2006) Physico-chemical treatments for removal of recalcitrant contaminants from landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 129:80–100
Lim, Y.N., Shaaban, M.G. and Yin, C.Y., 2009. Treatment of landfill leachate using palm shell-activated carbon column: Axial dispersion modeling and treatment profile. Chemical Engineering Journal, 146(1), pp.86-89
Lipczynska-Kochany E, Kochany J (2008) Effect of humic substances on the Fenton treatment of wastewater at acidic and neutral pH. Chemosphere 73:745–750
Liu X, Li XM, Yang Q, Yue X, Shen TT, Zheng W, Luo K, Sun YH, Zeng GM (2012) Landfill leachate pretreatment by coagulation–flocculation process using iron-based coagulants: optimization by response surface methodology. Chem Eng J 200:39–51
Manaf LA, Samah MAA, NIM Z (2009) Municipal solid waste management in Malaysia: Practices and challenges. Waste Manag 29:2902–2906
Matejczyk M, Płaza GA, Nałęcz-Jawecki G, Ulfig K, Markowska-Szczupak A (2011) Estimation of the environmental risk posed by landfills using chemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological testing of leachates. Chemosphere 82:1017–1023
Matsufuji K (2007) Caution for application of “Fukuoka Method” (Semi-aerobic landfill technology). JICA Training text. Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Japan from http://www.sprep.org/att/IRC/eCOPIES/global/159.pdf
Mcbean EA, Rovers FA, Farquhar GJ (1995) Solid waste landfill engineering and design. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River
Méndez-Novelo RI, Castillo-Borges ER, Sauri-Riancho MR, Quintal-Franco CA, Giacomán-Vallejos G, Jiménez-Cisneros B (2005) Physico-chemical treatment of Merida landfill leachate for chemical oxygen demand reduction by coagulation. Waste Manag Res 23:560–564
MEP & GAQSIQ (2008) Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste (GB 16889-2008) (in Chinese). Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (GAQSIQ), Beijing from http://english.mep.gov.cn/
MHLG (2006) Technical Guideline for Sanitary Landfill, Design and Operation, August 2006. Department of Local Government, Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG), Malaysia
MHLG (2009) Annual Ministry of Housing and Local Government Report 2008 (in Malay). Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG)., Malaysia http://www.kpkt.gov.my/kpkt/index.php/pages/view/104
MHLG (2011) MHLG Statistics 2010. Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG), Malaysia http://www.kpkt.gov.my/kpkt/fileupload/perangkaan_terpilih/pt2010/dis/PROGRAM_PENGURUSAN_SISA_PEPEJAL.pdf
MHLG (2012) Solid waste management lab, 26 March - 13 April 2012 (in Malay). Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG), Malaysia from http://www.kpkt.gov.my/kpkt/fileupload/hebahan/lab_sisa_pepejal.pdf
Min J-E, Kim M, Kim JY, Park I-S, Park J-W (2010) Leachate modeling for a municipal solid waste landfill for upper expansion. KSCE J Civil Eng 14:473–480
Moh YC, Manaf LA (2014) Overview of household solid waste recycling policy status and challenges in Malaysia. Resour Conserv Recycl 82:50–61
Moreno-Casillas HA, Cocke DL, Gomes JA, Morkovsky P, Parga J, Peterson E (2007) Electrocoagulation mechanism for COD removal. Sep Purif Technol 56:204–211
Nadzri YLI (2007) Solid waste management. Presentation during UNDP Conference on Climate Change Preparedness. National Solid Waste Department, Kuala Lumpur
Nadzri Y & Larsen I (2008) Federalising solid waste management in Peninsular Malaysia. International Solid Waste Association (ISWA) World Congress in Singapore, November 2008. Malaysian Government/DANIDA Solid Waste Management Component, from http://www.danidaurban.com/swmc/download/SWMC_TEC_03-123-Federalising%20SWM%20Peninsular%20M'sia.pdf
Nanny MA, Ratasuk N (2002) Characterization and comparison of hydrophobic neutral and hydrophobic acid dissolved organic carbon isolated from three municipal landfill leachates. Water Res 36:1572–1584
Newsletter No.76, 2011, 4-5. Japan Society of Material Cycle and Waste Management., from http://jsmcwm.or.jp/international/pdf/News76.pdf
Ngo H, Guo W, Xing, W. (2008) Applied technologies in municipal solid waste landfill leachate treatment. Water and wastewater treatment technologies. Encyclopedia of Life Support System (EOLSS). Retrieved 15th March, 2017 from http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C07/E6-144-20.pdf
Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M, & Friberg L (2007) Handbook on the toxicology of metals. 3rd edn.
NSWMD (2011) Summary of solid waste disposal sites in Malaysia (January 2011) (in Malay). National Solid Waste Management Department (NSWMD), Malaysia
O'Leary PRT (2002) Landfilling. In: Tchobanoglous G, Kreith F (eds) Handbook of solid waste management, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 14.1–14.87
Oliver NC (2005) Hazardous waste legislation guide. Ministry of Environment, British Columbia
Øygard JK, Gjengedal E, Røyset O (2007) Size charge fractionation of metals in municipal solid waste landfill leachate. Water Res 41:47–54
Pablos MV et al (2011) Correlation between physicochemical and ecotoxicological approaches to estimate landfill leachates toxicity. Waste Manag 31:1841–1847
Periathamby A, Hamid FS, Khidzir K (2009) Evolution of solid waste management in Malaysia: Impacts and implications of the solid waste bill, 2007. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 11(2):96–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0231-3
Reinhart DR, Grosh CJ (1998) Analysis of Florida MSW Landfill Leachate Quality. Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Florida
Renou S, Givaudan J, Poulain S, Dirassouyan F, Moulin P (2008) Landfill leachate treatment: review and opportunity. J Hazard Mater 150:468–493
Rivas FJ, Beltrán F, Gimeno O, Acedo B, Carvalho F (2003) Stabilized leachates: ozone-activated carbon treatment and kinetics. Water Res 37:4823–4834
Rojas MN, Sahagún C (2012) Determining the effects of leachates infiltrating crop areas. Toxicol Environ Chem 94:327–339
Rukapan W (2007) Improvement of leachate management in solid waste disposal facilities: case study in Thailand. Payatas Seminar 2007, UP National Center for Transportation Studies (NCTS). Japan: Tokyo Institute of Technology
Samudro G, Mangkoedihardjo S (2010) Review on BOD COD and BOD/COD ratio: a triangle zone for toxic, biodegradable and stable levels. Int J Acad Res 2:235–239
São Mateus SC, Machado SL, Barbosa MC (2012) An attempt to perform water balance in a Brazilian municipal solid waste landfill. Waste Manag 32:471–481
Schroeder PR, Aziz NM, Lloyd CM, Zappi PA (1994) The hydrologic evaluation of landfill performance (HELP) model: user’s guide for version 3, EPA/600/R-94/168a, September 1994. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC
Shariatmadari N, Abdoli M, Ghiasinejad H, Alimohammadi P (2010) Assessment of HELP model performance in arid areas. Case study: landfill test cells in Kahrizak. Res J Environ Sci 4:359–370
Singh SK, Townsend TG, Mazyck D, Boyer TH (2012) Equilibrium and intra-particle diffusion of stabilized landfill leachate onto micro-and meso-porous activated carbon. Water Res 46(2):491–499
Slack R, Gronow J, Voulvoulis N (2005) Household hazardous waste in municipal landfills: contaminants in leachate. Sci Total Environ 337:119–137
Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act (2007), Act 672. Government of Malaysia
Stegmann R, Heyer KU, Cossu R (2005) Leachate treatment. In Proceedings Sardinia 2005, Tenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, 3-7 October 2005, Italy. Italy: CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre, from http://www.image.unipd.it/tetrawama/S2005/leachate_treatment.pdf
Sun J, Li X, Feng J, Tian X (2009) Oxone/Co2+ oxidation as an advanced oxidation process: comparison with traditional Fenton oxidation for treatment of landfill leachate. Water Res 43(17):4363–4369
Sunkin M, Ong DM & Wight R (2002) Sourcebook on environmental law
Suresh A (2016) Treatment of landfill leachate by membrane bioreactor and electro Fenton process. Int J Eng Sci Res Technol 1(5):689–697
Tan ST, Lee CT, Hashim H, Ho WS, Lim JS (2014) Optimal process network for municipal solid waste management in Iskandar Malaysia. J Clean Prod 71:48–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.005
Tan ST, Ho WS, Hashim H, Lee CT, Taib MR, Ho CS (2015) Energy, economic and environmental (3E) analysis of waste-to-energy (WTE) strategies for municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Malaysia. Energy Convers Manag 102:111–120
Tashiro T (2011) IRBC: the “Fukuoka Method”: semi-aerobic landfill technology—Fukuoka region, Japan. Programme document at International Regions Benchmarking Consortium (IRBC). Metro Vancouver, British Columbia
Tatsi A, Zouboulis A (2002) A field investigation of the quantity and quality of leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill in a Mediterranean climate (Thessaloniki, Greece). Adv Environ Res 6:207–219
Tatsi A, Zouboulis A, Matis K, Samaras P (2003) Coagulation–flocculation pretreatment of sanitary landfill leachates. Chemosphere 53:737–744
Tchobanoglous G, Theisen H, Vigil S (1993) Integrated solid waste management: engineering principles and management issues. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York
Teo CBC (2016) Recycling behaviour of malaysian urban households and upcycling prospects
Tränkler J, Visvanathan C, Kuruparan P, Tubtimthai O (2005) Influence of tropical seasonal variations on landfill leachate characteristics—results from lysimeter studies. Waste Manag 25:1013–1020
Trebouet D, Schlumpf JP, Jaouen P, Quemeneur F (2001) Stabilized landfill leachate treatment by combined physicochemical-nanofiltration processes. Water Research 35(12):2935–2942. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00005-7
Ujang Z (2004) Part 1—conventional landfill design & operation from design to problem solving. Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management. UTM, Kuala Lumpur, p 7
UNEP (2005) Solid waste management (Volume II: Regional overviews and information sources). CalRecovery, Inc. & UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC), from http://www.unep.org/ietc/Portals/136/SWM_Vol-II.pdf
UNEP (2010) Waste and climate change: Global trends and strategy framework. United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya Retrieved 8th June, 2012, from http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/spc/Waste&ClimateChange/Waste&ClimateChange.pdf
USEPA (2010) Wastes specificially excluded from RCRA. EPA Hazardous Wastes. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Washington, D.C from http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastetypes/wasteid/exclude.htm/
Uygur A, Kargı F (2004) Biological nutrient removal from pre-treated landfill leachate in a sequencing batch reactor. J Environ Manag 71:9–14
Vesilind PA, Morgan SM, Heine LG (2010) Introduction to environmental engineering—SI version. Cengage Learning, Boston
Wang Z-p, Zhang Z, Lin Y-J, Deng N-S, Tao T, Zhuo K (2002) Landfill leachate treatment by a coagulation–photooxidation process. J Hazard Mater 95:153–159
Wang JM, Lu CS, Chen YY, Fan HJ (2015) Landfill leachate treatment with Mn and Ce oxides impregnated GAC–ozone treatment process. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 482:536–543
Water Pollution Control Ordinance (1997) Technical memorandum standards for effluents discharged into drainage and sewerage systems, inland and coastal waters. Water Pollution Control Ordinance, Cap 358 section 21. Hong Kong. Retrieved 18th March, 2012, from http:/www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/
Widziewicz K, Kalka J, Skonieczna M & Madej P (2012) The comet assay for the evaluation of genotoxic potential of landfill leachate. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/435239
Williams PT (2013) Waste treatment and disposal. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken
Wiszniowski J, Robert D, Surmacz-Gorska J, Miksch K, Malato S, Weber J-V (2004) Solar photocatalytic degradation of humic acids as a model of organic compounds of landfill leachate in pilot-plant experiments: influence of inorganic salts. Appl Catal B Environ 53:127–137
Worrell WA, Vesilind AP (2011) Solid waste engineering—SI version. Cengage Learning, Boston
Wu JJ, Wu C-C, Ma H-W, Chang C-C (2004) Treatment of landfill leachate by ozone-based advanced oxidation processes. Chemosphere 54:997–1003
Wu Y, Zhou S, Qin F, Peng H, Lai Y, Lin Y (2010) Removal of humic substances from landfill leachate by Fenton oxidation and coagulation. Process Saf Environ Prot 88:276–284
Yamada M (2011) Application of the semi-aerobic landfill system to Southeast Asia - A joint study between NIES of Japan, and Kasetsart University and Laem Chabang Municipality of Thailand
Yuan W, Zydney AL (1999) Humic acid fouling during microfiltration. J Membr Sci 157:1–12
Zen IS, Noor ZZ, Yusuf RO (2014) The profiles of household solid waste recyclers and non-recyclers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Habitat International 42:83–89
Zouboulis AI, Chai X-L, Katsoyiannis IA (2004) The application of bioflocculant for the removal of humic acids from stabilized landfill leachates. J Environ Manag 70:35–41
Acknowledgements
This research is supported by Solid Waste Management Cluster (SWAM), Grant No.1001/CKT/870023, courtesy from Science and Engineering Research Center (SERC) Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kamaruddin, M.A., Yusoff, M.S., Rui, L.M. et al. An overview of municipal solid waste management and landfill leachate treatment: Malaysia and Asian perspectives. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 26988–27020 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0303-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0303-9