Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Global estimates of carbon monoxide emissions from 1960 to 2013

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The quantification of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions is necessary for atmospheric research and has been studied extensively. Aiming to build an inventory with both high spatial resolution and detailed source information, this study estimated the monthly nation-level CO emissions from 79 major sources from 1960 to 2013, based on which a 0.1° × 0.1° gridded emission map was developed for 2011 using a recent energy product. The high sectorial resolution of this inventory can help scientists to study the influence of socioeconomic development on emissions, help decision makers to formulate abatement strategies, and potentially benefit emission-reduction scenario modeling and cost-benefit analysis. Our estimate for 2011 was 888.17 Tg (745.67 Tg–1112.80 Tg), with a much higher contribution from anthropogenic activities (68 %) than wildfire and deforestation (32 %). The anthropogenic emissions in recent years were dominated by developing countries due to the continuously increasing industrial production intensity and/or population explosion. Further discussion of the spatial and temporal variation of emissions was conducted, and a decreased emission intensity was observed, which was attributed to related policies and technological progress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • An F, Earley R, Green-Weiskel L (2011) Global overview on fuel efficiency and motor vehicle emission standards: policy options and perspectives for international cooperation. United Nations Background Paper: 3

  • Arellano AF, Kasibhatla PS, Giglio L, van der Werf GR, Randerson JT (2004) Top-down estimates of global CO sources using MOPITT measurements. Geophys Res Lett 31:L01104

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond TC et al (2007) Historical emissions of black and organic carbon aerosol from energy-related combustion, 1850-2000. Global Biogeochem Cy 21:GB2018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao GL, Zhang XY, Gong SL, Zheng FC (2008) Investigation on emission factors of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residue burning. J Environ Sci-China 20:50–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen H et al (2015) Modeling temporal variations in global residential energy consumption and pollutant emissions. Appl Energy, in press

  • Clarke L et al (2007) Scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric concentrations (part A) and review of integrated scenario development and application (part B). A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. 154.

  • Endresen Ø, Sørgård E, Behrens HL, Brett PO, Isaksen ISA (2007) A historical reconstruction of ships’ fuel consumption and emissions. J Geophys Res-Atmos 112:D12301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL). Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research, release version 4.2 (EDGAR_v4.2) (2011) http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Accessed 5 Dec 2013

  • Fujino J et al (2006) Multi-gas mitigation analysis on stabilization scenarios using aim global model. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 132

  • Ge S et al (2001) Boiler briquette coal versus raw coal: part I—stack gas emissions. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 51:524–533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Global Fire Emissions Database (verson 4 including small fires, GFEDv4s). http://www.globalfiredata.org/data.html. Accessed 13 Nov 2015

  • Greenstone M (2002) The impacts of environmental regulations on industrial activity: evidence from the 1970 and 1977 clean air act amendments and the census of manufactures. J Polit Econ 110:1175–1219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooghiemstra PB et al (2012) Interannual variability of carbon monoxide emission estimates over South America from 2006 to 2010. J Geophys Res-Atmos 117:D15308

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y et al (2014) Quantification of global primary emissions of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP from combustion and industrial process sources. Environ Sci Technol 48:13834–13843

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • International Energy Agency (IEA) World energy statistics and balances. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/statistics. Accessed 12 Oct 2015

  • International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA). http://www.fertilizer.org. Accessed in 13 Oct 2015

  • Janssens-Maenhout G et al (2015) HTAP_v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution. Atmos Chem Phys 15:11411–11432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Z et al (2011) Quantifying the impact of model errors on top-down estimates of carbon monoxide emissions using satellite observations. J Geophys Res-Atmos 116:D15306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones DBA et al (2003) Potential of observations from the tropospheric emission spectrometer to constrain continental sources of carbon monoxide. J Geophys Res-Atmos 108:4789

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopacz M et al (2010) Global estimates of CO sources with high resolution by adjoint inversion of multiple satellite datasets (MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, TES). Atmos Chem Phys 10:855–876

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamarque JF et al (2010) Historical (1850-2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application. Atmos Chem Phys 10:7017–7039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YQ, Stanturf J, Goodrick S (2010) Trends in global wildfire potential in a changing climate. Forest Ecol Manag 259:685–697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald BC, Dallmann TR, Martin EW, Harley RA (2012) Long-term trends in nitrogen oxide emissions from motor vehicles at national, state, and air basin scales. J Geophys Res-Atmos 117

  • National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC) (2014) China statistical yearbook 2000–2014. China Statistics Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Peter-Stanley M, Hamrick K, Zwick S (2014) The 2013 results report: sharing partner progress on the path to adoption of clean cooking solutions. Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Present and future surface emissions of atmospheric compounds (POET) (2003) http://eccad.sedoo.fr/eccad_extract_interface/JSF/page_deconnect.jsf. Accessed 23 May 2014

  • Progiou AG, Ziomas IC (2011) Road traffic emissions impact on air quality of the Greater Athens Area based on a 20 year emissions inventory. Sci Total Environ 410:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reanalysis of the tropospheric chemical composition over the past 40 years (RETRO) (2005) http://retro-archive.iek.fz-juelich.de/. Accessed 13 Oct 2014

  • Riahi K, Grübler A, Nakicenovic N (2007) Scenarios of long-term socio-economic and environmental development under climate stabilization. Technol Forecast Soc 74:887–935

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seinfeld JH, Pandis SN (2012) Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen GF et al (2010) Emission factors of particulate matter and elemental carbon for crop residues and coals burned in typical household stoves in China. Environ Sci Technol 44:7157–7162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen HZ et al (2013) Global atmospheric emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from 1960 to 2008 and future predictions. Environ Sci Technol 47:6415–6424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Streets DG, Aunan K (2005) The importance of China’s household sector for black carbon emissions. Geophys Res Lett 32

  • Streets DG et al (2001) Black carbon emissions in China. Atmos Environ 35:4281–4296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streets DG et al (2006) Revisiting China’s CO emissions after the transport and chemical evolution over the pacific (TRACE-P) mission: synthesis of inventories, atmospheric modeling, and observations. J Geophys Res-Atmos 111:D14306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su D et al (1998) Harmful gases pollution and its remedy in cement kiln. Chongqing Environ Sci 20:20–23 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Timilsina GR, Dulal HB (2009) A review of regulatory instruments to control environmental externalities from the transport sector. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1368073. Accessed 6 June 2014

  • U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Commodity statistics and information. (2014) http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity. Accessed 23 Sept 2015

  • Uwasu M, Hara K, Yabar H (2014) World cement production and environmental implications. Environ Dev 10:36–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Werf GR et al (2006) Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004. Atmos Chem Phys 6:3423–3441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Werf GR et al (2010) Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997-2009). Atmos Chem Phys 10:11707–11735

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Vuuren D et al (2007) Stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at low levels: an assessment of reduction strategies and costs. Clim Chang 81:119–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang R et al (2013) High-resolution mapping of combustion processes and implications for CO2 emissions. Atmos Chem Phys 13:5189–5203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang R et al (2014) Trend in global black carbon emissions from 1960 to 2007. Environ Sci Technol 48:6780–6787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westerling AL, Hidalgo HG, Cayan DR, Swetnam TW (2006) Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity. Science 313:940–943

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Steel Association. http://www.worldsteel.org. Accessed 24 Oct 2015

  • Zhang Q et al (2009) Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission. Atmos Chem Phys 9:5131–5153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao B et al (2012b) A high-resolution emission inventory of primary pollutants for the Huabei region, China. Atmos Chem Phys 12:481–501

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Nielsen CP, McElroy MB, Zhang L, Zhang J (2012a) CO emissions in China: uncertainties and implications of improved energy efficiency and emission control. Atmos Environ 49:103–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was founded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571130010, 41390240, 41130754).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Qirui Zhong, Ye Huang, Huizhong Shen, Yilin Chen, Han Chen, Tianbo Huang & Shu Tao

  2. State Key Lab Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 1130, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China

    Eddy Y. Zeng

Authors
  1. Qirui Zhong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ye Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Huizhong Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yilin Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Han Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Tianbo Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Eddy Y. Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Shu Tao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shu Tao.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Highlights

• Global inventory of carbon monoxide emissions was developed from 1960 to 2013 using bottom-up method.

• The inventory was developed with high spatial (0.1° × 0.1°), temporal (monthly), and sectorial (79 detailed sources) resolutions.

• Decreasing intensity trends were found related to energy policies and technology progress.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(PDF 463 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhong, Q., Huang, Y., Shen, H. et al. Global estimates of carbon monoxide emissions from 1960 to 2013. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 864–873 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7896-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7896-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation