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Growth of four tropical tree species in petroleum-contaminated soil and effects of crude oil contamination

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Abstract

Under greenhouse conditions, we evaluated establishment of four tree species and their capacity to degrade crude oil recently incorporated into the soil; the species were as follows: Cedrela odorata (tropical cedar), Haematoxylum campechianum (tinto bush), Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany), and Tabebuia rosea (macuilis). Three-month-old plants were planted in soil with three treatments of heavy petroleum and a control (C0 0 mg kg−1; C1 18,000 mg kg−1; C2 31,700 mg kg−1; C3 47,100 mg kg−1) with four repetitions per treatment and species; the experiment was carried out for 245 days. Height and biomass of all species significantly diminished as petroleum concentration increased, although plant survival was not affected. The quantity of colony-forming units (CFU) of rhizospheric bacteria varied among tree species and treatments; petroleum stimulated bacterial CFU for S. macrophylla. The number of fungi CFU for S. macrophylla and T. rosea was significantly greater in C0 than in soil with petroleum, but among species and among different concentrations, no significant differences were found. The greatest percentage of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation was found in C1 for soil without plants (45 %). Differences from the remaining treatments (petroleum concentrations in soil and plant species) were not significant (P < 0.05). Among all trees, H. campechianum had the greatest TPH degradation (32.5 % in C2). T. rosea (C1) and H. campechianum (C2) resulted in petroleum degradation at levels ranging from 20.5 to 32.5 %. On the basis of this experiment, the tree species used did not improve TPH degradation. However, all of them showed high rates of survival and vigor. So, as tree species provide goods and services, experiments with inoculation of hydrocarbonclastic microorganisms, addition of fertilizers, and mixture of tree and grasses are recommended.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to Manuel Mendoza Carranza and Noel Antonio Gonzales Valdivia for suggestions regarding statistical analyses, to Candelario Torres Salvador and Guadalupe Chan Quijano for support in laboratory analyses, to Dr. Bernardus H.J. de Jong for financing part of the soil and microbiological analyses, to the Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT according to its Spanish initials) for scholarship no. 297824 for Isidro Pérez Hernández doctoral studies, and to El Colegio de la Frontera Sur for providing infrastructure and laboratories.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academia de Ingeniería en Agrotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Golfo de México., Carretera Federal Malpaso-El Bellote km. 17, Ranchería Monte Adentro, 86600, Paraíso, Tabasco, Mexico

    I. Pérez-Hernández

  2. Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2A, Parque Industrial Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico

    S. Ochoa-Gaona & A. Jarquín-Sánchez

  3. División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Remediación, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas km. 0.5 s/n, 86150, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico

    R. H. Adams

  4. Impacto y Mitigación del Cambio Climático, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Tabasco, Periférico Carlos A. Molina s/n, km 3.5, H, Cárdenas, Tabasco, Mexico

    M. C. Rivera-Cruz

  5. Departamento de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km 1080, 29050, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico

    V. Pérez-Hernández

  6. Alterra, P.O. Box 47, 6708, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    V. Geissen

  7. LAD Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6708, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    V. Geissen

  8. Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma km 15.5, RA. Guineo, 2ª. Sección, 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico

    P. Martínez-Zurimendi

  9. Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Universidad de Valladolid & INIA, Valladolid, Spain

    P. Martínez-Zurimendi

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  1. I. Pérez-Hernández
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  2. S. Ochoa-Gaona
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  3. R. H. Adams
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  4. M. C. Rivera-Cruz
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  5. V. Pérez-Hernández
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  6. A. Jarquín-Sánchez
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  7. V. Geissen
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  8. P. Martínez-Zurimendi
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Correspondence to S. Ochoa-Gaona.

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 5 Probabilities of two-way ANOVA of post hoc Tukey test for bacterial CFU of the rhizosphere of the four evaluated species
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Table 6 Probabilities of two-way ANOVA of post hoc Tukey test for fungi CFU of the rhizosphere of the four evaluated species
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Table 7 Probabilities of two-way ANOVA of post hoc Tukey test for HTP degradation of the four evaluated species
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Pérez-Hernández, I., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Adams, R.H. et al. Growth of four tropical tree species in petroleum-contaminated soil and effects of crude oil contamination. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 1769–1783 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7877-5

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