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Insights into aqueous carbofuran removal by modified and non-modified rice husk biochars

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Abstract

Biochar has been considered as a potential sorbent for removal of frequently detected pesticides in water. In the present study, modified and non-modified rice husk biochars were used for aqueous carbofuran removal. Rice husk biochars were produced at 300, 500, and 700 °C in slow pyrolysis and further exposed to steam activation. Biochars were physicochemically characterized using proximate, ultimate, FTIR methods and used to examine equilibrium and dynamic adsorption of carbofuran. Increasing pyrolysis temperature led to a decrease of biochar yield and increase of porosity, surface area, and adsorption capacities which were further enhanced by steam activation. Carbofuran adsorption was pH-dependant, and the maximum (161 mg g−1) occurred in the vicinity of pH 5, on steam-activated biochar produced at 700 °C. Freundlich model best fitted the sorption equilibrium data. Both chemisorption and physisorption interactions on heterogeneous adsorbent surface may involve in carbofuran adsorption. Langmuir kinetics could be applied to describe carbofuran adsorption in a fixed bed. A higher carbofuran volume was treated in a column bed by a steam-activated biochar versus non-activated biochars. Overall, steam-activated rice husk biochar can be highlighted as a promising low-cost sustainable material for aqueous carbofuran removal.

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Acknowledgments

This study is supported by MTR/TRD/AGR/3/1/8, Indo-Sri Lanka bilateral research grant sanctioned by the Ministry of Technology, Research and Atomic Energy, Sri Lanka and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka

    S.S. Mayakaduwa, Indika Herath & Meththika Vithanage

  2. Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea

    Yong Sik Ok

  3. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Dinesh Mohan

Authors
  1. S.S. Mayakaduwa
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  2. Indika Herath
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  3. Yong Sik Ok
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  4. Dinesh Mohan
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  5. Meththika Vithanage
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Correspondence to Meththika Vithanage.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Mayakaduwa, S., Herath, I., Ok, Y.S. et al. Insights into aqueous carbofuran removal by modified and non-modified rice husk biochars. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 22755–22763 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7430-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7430-6

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