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Assessment of the individual and mixture toxicity of cadmium, copper and oxytetracycline, on the embryo-larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

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Abstract

Multiple pollutions by trace metals and pharmaceuticals have become one of the most important problems in marine coastal areas because of its excessive toxicity on organisms living in this area. This study aimed to assess the individual and mixture toxicity of Cu, Cd, and oxytetracycline frequently existing in the contaminated marine areas and the embryo-larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The individual contamination of the spermatozoid for 1 h with the increasing concentrations of Cd, Cu, and OTC decreases the fertility rate and increases larvae anomalies in the order Cu > Cd > OTC. Moreover, the normal larva frequency and the length of spicules were more sensitive than the fertilization rate and normal gastrula frequency endpoints. The mixture toxicity assessed by multiple experimental designs showed clearly that concentrations of Cd, Cu, and OTC superior to 338 μg/L, 0.56 μg/L, and 0.83 mg/L, respectively, cause significant larva malformations.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a fund from the Ministry of Scientific Research and Technology, University of Monastir, Tunisia (Research Laboratory Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorisation, High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Tunisia).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Laboratory “Bioresources: Integrative Biology andValorisation”, High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

    Tahar Gharred, Mariem Belgacem, Rabeb Mannai & Sami Achour

  2. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia

    Jamel Jebali

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  1. Tahar Gharred
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Correspondence to Tahar Gharred.

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Responsible editor: Cinta Porte

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Gharred, T., Jebali, J., Belgacem, M. et al. Assessment of the individual and mixture toxicity of cadmium, copper and oxytetracycline, on the embryo-larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus . Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 18064–18072 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6988-3

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