Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different supporting electrolyte (Na2SO4, MgSO4, NaCl) in degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and generation of electricity. Zinc oxide (ZnO) was immobilized onto carbon felt acted as photoanode, while Pt-coated carbon paper as photocathode was placed in a single chamber photocatalytic fuel cell, which then irradiated by UV lamp for 24 h. The degradation and mineralization of RB5 with 0.1 M NaCl rapidly decreased after 24-h irradiation time, followed by MgSO4, Na2SO4 and without electrolyte. The voltage outputs for Na2SO4, MgSO4 and NaCl were 908, 628 and 523 mV, respectively, after 24-h irradiation time; meanwhile, their short-circuit current density, J SC, was 1.3, 1.2 and 1.05 mA cm−2, respectively. The power densities for Na2SO4, MgSO4 and NaCl were 0.335, 0.256 and 0.245 mW cm−2, respectively. On the other hand, for without supporting electrolyte, the voltage output and short-circuit current density was 271.6 mV and 0.055 mA cm−2, respectively. The supporting electrolyte NaCl showed greater performance in degradation of RB5 and generation of electricity due to the formation of superoxide radical anions which enhance the degradation of dye. The mineralization of RB5 with different supporting electrolyte was measured through spectrum analysis and reduction in COD concentration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdullah N, Kamarudin SK (2015) Titanium dioxide in fuel cell technology: an overview. J Power Sour 278:100–118
Aber S, Daneshvar N, Soroureddin SM, Chabok A, Asadpour-Zeynali K (2007) Study of acid orange 7 removal from aqueous solutions by powdered activated carbon and modeling of experimental results by artificial neural network. Desalination 211:87–95
Akpan UG, Hameed BH (2009) Parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using TiO2-based photocatalysts: a review. J Hazard Mater 170:520–529
Altenbaher B, Turk SS (2009) Treatment of textile processing wastewater with membrane filtrations. Textile 58:367–383
Antoniadou M, Lianos P (2014) Photo-fuel-cells: an alternative route for solar energy conversion. In: Viswanathan B et al. (eds.) Materials and Processes for Solar Fuel Production, Springer New York, pp 135 – 152
Carneiro PA, Osugi ME, Sene JJ, Anderson MA, Zanoni MVB (2004) Evaluation of color removal and degradation of a reactive textile azo dye on nanoporous TiO2 thin-film electrodes. Electrochim Acta 49:3807–3820
Deng Q, Li X, Zuo J, Ling A, Logan BE (2010) Power generation using an activated carbon fiber felt cathode in an upflow microbial fuel cell. J Power Sour 195:1130–1135
Foo KY, Hameed BH (2012) Textual porosity, surface chemistry and adsorptive properties of durian shell derived activated carbon prepared by microwave assisted NaOH activation. Chem Engine J 187:53–62
Ghasemi F, Tabandeh F, Bambai B (2010) Decolorization of different azo dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium RP78 under optimal condition. Int J Environ Sci Technol 7:457–464
Hameed BH (2009) Spent tea leaves: a new non-conventional and low-cost adsorbent for removal of basic dye from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 161:753–759
Han R, Zhang S, Xing D, Jian X (2010) Desalination of dye utilizing copoly(phthalazinone biphenyl ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membrane with low molecular weight cut-off. J Membrane Sci 358:1–6
Jain R, Shrivastava M (2008) Photocatalytic removal of hazardous dye cyanosine from industrial waste using titanium dioxide. J Hazard Mater 152(1):216–220
Kaneko M, Ueno H, Saito R, Yamaguchi S, Fuji Y, Nemoto J (2009) UV light-activated decomposition/cleaning of concentrated biomass wastes involving also solid suspensions with remarkably high quantum efficiency. Appl Catal B 91:254–261
Lizama C, Freer J, Baeza J, Mansilla HD (2002) Optimized photodegradation of Reactive Blue 19 on TiO2 and ZnO suspensions. Catal Today 76:235–246
Lü X-f, Ma H-r, Zhang Q, Du K (2013) Degradation of methyl orange by UV, O3 and UV/O3 systems: analysis of the degradation effects and mineralization mechanism. Res Chem Intermed 39:4189–4203
Lucas MS, Tavares PB, Peres JA, Faria JL, Rocha M, Pereira C, Freire C (2013) Photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Black 5 with TiO2-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Catal Today 209:116–121
Lόpez-Grimau VL, Gutiérrez MC (2006) Decolorisation of simulated reactive dyebath effluents by electrochemical oxidation assisted by UV light. Chemosphere 62:106–112
Muruganandham M, Swaminathan M (2004) Solar photocatalytic degradation of reactive azo dye in TiO2-suspension. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 81:439–457
Nagaveni K, Sivalingam G, Hegde MS, Madras G (2004) Solar photocatalytic degradation of dyes: high activity of combustion synthesized nano TiO2. Appl Catal B: Environ 48:83–93
Ng TW, Cai Q, Wong CK, Chow AT, Wong PK (2010) Simultaneous chromate reduction and azo dye decolorization by Brevibacterium casei: azo dye as electron donor for chromate reduction. J Hazard Mater 182:792–800
Nishio J, Tokumura M, Znad HT, Kawase Y (2006) Photocatalytic decolorization of azo-dye with zinc oxide powder in an external UV light irradiation slurry photoreactor. J Hazard Mater B138:106–115
O’Hayre R, Cha SW, Colella W, Prinz FB (2006) Fuel cell fundamentals. John Wiley & Sons, New York, p 141
Ong SA, Min OM, Ho LN, Wong YS (2012) Comparative study on photocatalytic degradation of mono azo dye Acid Orange 7 and Methyl Orange under solar light irradiation. Wat Air Soil Pollut 223:5483–5493
Pakshirajan K, Singh S (2010) Decolorization of synthetic wastewater containing azo dyes in a batch-operated rotating biological contactor reactor with the immobilized fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Ind Eng Chem Res 49:7484–7487
Quanpeng C, Jing B, Jinhua L (2014) Aerated visible-light responsive photocatalytic fuel cell for wastewater treatment with producing sustainable electricity in neutral solution. Chem Engine J 252:89–94
Rajkumar D, Palanivelu K (2004) Electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater. J Hazard Mater B113:123–129
Rao AN, Sivasankar B, Sadasivam V (2009) Kinetic studies on the photocatalytic degradation of Direct Yellow 12 in the presence of ZnO catalyst. J Molecular Catal A: Chem 306:77–81
Regonini D, Clemens FJ (2015) Anodized TiO2 nanotubes: effect of anodizing tie on film length, morphology and photoelectrochemical properties. Mater Lett 142:97–101
Rekha R, Chauhan P, Gangopadhyay UK (2009) Zero effluent process by using membrane type solute separation systems for wet process house. Asian Text J 18:65–69
Rio AID, Benimeli MJ, Molina J, Bonastre J, Cases F (2012) Electrochemical treatment of C.I. Reactive Black 5 solutions on stabilized doped Ti/SnO2 electrodes. Inter J Electrochem Sci 7:13074–13092
Solanki K, Subramaniam S, Basu S (2013) Microbial fuel cells for azo dye treatment with electricity generation: a review. Bioresour Technol 131:564–571
Tang T, Li K, Ying D, Sun T, Wang Y, Jia J (2014) High efficient aqueous-film rotating disk photocatalytic fuel cell (RDPFC) with triple functions: cogeneration of hydrogen and electricity with dye degradation. Int J Hydro Energy 39:10258–10266
Wang Y, Hosono T, Hasebe Y (2013) Hemin-adsorbed carbon-felt for sensitive and rapid flow-amperometric detection of dissolved oxygen. Microchim Acta 180:1295–1302
Wang B, Zhang H, Lu X-Y, Xuan J, Leung MKH (2014) Solar photocatalytic fuel cell using CdS-TiO2 photoanode and air-breathing cathode for wastewater treatment and simultaneous electricity production. Chem Engine J 253:174–182
Yahya H, Alireza A, Elham A, Ali A (2012) Removal of Acid Orange 7 and Remazol Black 5 reactive dyes from aqueous solutions using a novel biosorbent. Mater Sci Engine C 32:1394–1400
Zanoni MVB, Sene JJ, Anderson MA (2003) Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R on titanium dioxide thin-film electrodes. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 157:55–63
Zhu X, Ni J (2009) Simultaneous processes of electricity generation and p-nitrophenol degradation in a microbial fuel cell. Electrochem Comm 11:274–277
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Maido Corporation, Japan, for supplying carbon felt.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Suresh Pillai
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khalik, W.F., Ong, SA., Ho, LN. et al. Influence of supporting electrolyte in electricity generation and degradation of organic pollutants in photocatalytic fuel cell. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 16716–16721 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6840-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6840-9