Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Lung bioaccessibility of contaminants in particulate matter of geological origin

  • Gobal pollution problems, Trends in Detection and Protection
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with adverse health effects. While inhalation exposure to airborne PM is a prominent research subject, exposure to PM of geological origin (i.e., generated from soil/soil-like material) has received less attention. This review discusses the contaminants in PM of geological origin and their relevance for human exposure and then evaluates lung bioaccessibility assessment methods and their use. PM of geological origin can contain toxic elements as well as organic contaminants. Observed/predicted PM lung clearance times are long, which may lead to prolonged contact with lung environment. Thus, certain exposure scenarios warrant the use of in vitro bioaccessibility testing to predict lung bioavailability. Limited research is available on lung bioaccessibility test development and test application to PM of geological origin. For in vitro tests, test parameter variation between different studies and concerns about physiological relevance indicate a crucial need for test method standardization and comparison with relevant animal data. Research is recommended on (1) developing robust in vitro lung bioaccessibility methods, (2) assessing bioaccessibility of various contaminants (especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) in PM of diverse origin (surface soils, mine tailings, etc.), and (3) risk characterization to determine relative importance of exposure to PM of geological origin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amato F, Rivas I, Viana M, Moreno T, Bouso L, Reche C et al (2014) Sources of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in primary schools. Sci Total Environ 490:757–765

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ATSDR (2005) Toxicological profile for zinc. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • ATSDR (2007a) Toxicological profile for lead. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • ATSDR (2007b) Toxicological profile for arsenic. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • ATSDR (2008) Toxicological profile for aluminum. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • ATSDR (2012a) Toxicological profile for cadmium. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • ATSDR (2012b) Toxicological profile for chromium. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) (1999) Toxicological profile for mercury. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • ATSDR. Minimal risk levels (MRLs); http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls/index.asp, accessed on 2015-12-21; 2015

  • Bernstein JA, Alexis N, Barnes C, Bernstein IL, Nel A, Peden D et al (2004) Health effects of air pollution. J Allergy Clin Immun 114:1116–1123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boisa N, Elom N, Dean JR, Deary ME, Bird G, Entwistle JA (2014) Development and application of an inhalation bioaccessibility method (IBM) for lead in the PM10 size fraction of soil. Environ Int 70:132–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broadway A, Cave MR, Wragg J, Fordyce FM, Bewley RJF, Graham MC et al (2010) Determination of the bioaccessibility of chromium in Glasgow soil and the implications for human health risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 409:267–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brock T, Stopford W (2003) Bioaccessibility of metals in human health risk assessment: evaluating risk from exposure to cobalt compounds. J Environ Monitor 5:71N–76N

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burnett RT, Brook J, Dann T, Delocla T, Philips O, Cakmak S et al (2000) Association between particulate- and gas-phase components of urban air pollution and daily mortality in eight Canadian cities. Inhal Toxicol 12:15–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caboche J, Esperanza P, Bruno M, Alleman LY (2011) Development of an in vitro method to estimate lung bioaccessibility of metals from atmospheric particles. J Environ Monitor 13:621–630

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cal/EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency) (2005) Air toxics hot spots program risk assessment guidelines part II: technical support document for describing available cancer potency factors. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Air Toxicology and Epidemiology Section, Sacramento

    Google Scholar 

  • Castillo S, de Rosa JD, de la Campa AMS, Gonzales-Castanedo Y, Fernandez-Caliani JC, Gonzalez I et al (2013) Contribution of mine wastes to atmospheric metal deposition in the surrounding area of an abandoned heavily polluted mining district (Rio Tinto mines, Spain). Sci Total Environ 449:363–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cave MR, Wragg J, Harrison I, Vane CH, Van de Wiele T, de Groeve E et al (2010) Comparison of batch mode and dynamic physiologically based bioaccessibility tests for PAHs in soil samples. Environ Sci Technol 44:2654–2660

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charrier JG, McFall AS, Richards-Henderson NK, Anastasio C (2014) Hydrogen peroxide formation in a surrogate lung fluid by transition metals and quinones present in particulate matter. Environ Sci Technol 48:7010–7017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen LC, Lippmann M (2009) Effects of metals within ambient air particulate matter (PM) on human health. Inhal Toxicol 21:1–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colombo C, Monhemius AJ, Plant JA (2008) Platinum, palladium and rhodium release from vehicle exhaust catalysts and road dust exposed to simulated lung fluids. Ecotox Environ Safe 71:722–730

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Correia AW, Pope CA, Dockery DW, Wang Y, Ezzati M, Dominici F (2013) The effect of air pollution control on life expectancy in the United States: an analysis of 545 US counties for the period 2000 to 2007. Epidemiology 24:23–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz N, Rodrigues SM, Tavares D, Monteiro RJR, Carvalho L, Trindade T et al (2015) Testing single extraction methods and in vitro tests to assess the geochemical reactivity and human bioaccessibility of silver in urban soils amended with silver nanoparticles. Chemosphere 135:304–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Damon EG, Eidson AF, Hahn FF, Griffith WC, Guilmette RA (1984) Comparison of early lung clearance of yellowcake aerosols in rats with in vitro dissolution and IR analysis. Health Phys 46:859–866

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Kok TMCM, Driece HAL, Hogervost JGF, Briede JJ (2006) Toxicological assessment of ambient and traffic-related particulate matter: a review of recent studies. Mutat Res 613:103–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drysdale M, Bjorklund KL, Jamieson HE, Weinstein P, Cook A, Watkins RT (2012) Evaluating the respiratory bioaccessibility of nickel in soil through the use of a simulated lung fluid. Environ Geochem Hlth 34:279–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EC (European Commission). Priority Substances and certain other pollutants according to Annex II of Directive 2008/105/EC; http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/priority_substances.htm, accessed on 2015-12-21, 2008

  • Eidson AF, Mewhinney JA (1983) In-vitro dissolution of respirable aerosols of industrial uranium and plutonium mixed oxide nuclear fuels. Health Phys 45:1023–1037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eom H, Jung H, Sobanska S, Chung S, Sok Y, Kim J et al (2013) Iron speciation of airborne subway particles by the combined use of energy dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis and Raman microspectrometry. Anal Chem 85:10424–10431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrison VH, Majewski MS, Foreman WT, Genualdi SA, Mohammed A, Simonich SLM (2014) Persistent organic contaminants in Saharan dust air masses in West Africa, Cape Verde and the eastern Caribbean. Sci Total Environ 468–469:530–543

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghio AJ, Kummarapurugu ST, Tong H, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Boykin E et al (2014) Biological effects of desert dust in respiratory epithelial cells and a murine model. Inhal Toxicol 26:299–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein HL, Reynolds RL, Morman SA, Moskowitz B, Kokaly RF, Goossens D et al (2013) Iron mineralogy and bioaccessibility of dust generated from soils as determined by reflectance spectroscopy and magnetic and chemical properties—Nellis Dunes Recreational Area, Nevada. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5054. Reston, VA

  • Goossens D (2012) A method for dry extracting large volumes of fine particulate matter from bulk soil samples. Air Qual Atmos Health 5:425–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goudie AS (2014) Desert dust and human health disorders. Environ Int 63:101–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray JE, Plumlee GS, Morman SA, Higueras PL, Crock JG, Lowers HA et al (2010) In vitro studies evaluating leaching of mercury from mine waste calcine using simulated human body fluids. Environ Sci Technol 44:4782–4788

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guney M, Zagury GJ, Dogan N, Onay TT (2010) Exposure assessment and risk characterization from trace elements following soil ingestion by children exposed to playgrounds, parks and picnic areas. J Hazard Mater 182:656–664

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Hu Y, Hu Q, Kin J, Li C, Chen J et al (2014) Characteristics and chemical compositions of particulate matter collected at the selected metro stations of Shanghai, China. Sci Total Environ 496:443–452

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamad SH, Schauer JJ, Shafer MM, Al-Rheem EA, Skaar PS, Heo J et al (2014) Risk assessment of total and bioavailable potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban soils of Baghdad–Iraq. Sci Total Environ 494–495:39–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedberg Y, Gustafsson J, Karlsson HL, Moller L, Wallinder IO (2010) Bioaccessibility, bioavailability and toxicity of commercially relevant iron- and chromium-based particles: in vitro studies with an inhalation perspective. Particle Fibre Toxicol 7:1–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herting G, Wallinder IO, Leygraf C (2007) Metal release from various grades of stainless steel exposed to synthetic body fluids. Corros Sci 49:103–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillwalker WE, Anderson KA (2014) Bioaccessibility of metals in alloys: evaluation of three surrogate biofluids. Environ Pollut 185:52–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinwood A, Callan AC, Heyworth J, McCafferty P, Sly PD (2014) Children’s personal exposure to PM10 and associated metals in urban, rural and mining activity areas. Chemosphere 108:125–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoare JL (2014) New directions: questions surrounding suspended particle mass used as a surrogate for air quality and for regulatory control of ambient urban air pollution. Atmos Environ 91:175–177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain M, Madl P, Khan A (2011) Lung deposition predictions of airborne particles and the emergence of contemporary diseases. Part-I. Health 2:51–59

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2013) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • James K, Peters RE, Laird BD, Ma WK, Wickstrom M, Stephenson GL, Siciliano SD (2011) Human exposure assessment: a case study of 8 PAH contaminated soils using in vitro digestors and the juvenile swine model. Environ Sci Technol 45:4586–4593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James K, Farrell RE, Siciliano SD (2012) Comparison of human exposure pathways in an urban brownfield: reduced risk from paving roads. Environ Toxicol Chem 31:2423–2430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koch I, Reimer KJ, Bakker MI, Basta NT, Cave MR, Denys S et al (2013) Variability of bioaccessibility results using seventeen different methods on a standard reference material, NIST 2710. J Environ Sci Heal A 48:641–655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koike E, Yanagisawa R, Takano H (2014) Toxicological effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives on respiratory cells. Atmos Environ 97:529–536

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreyling WG (1990) Interspecies comparison of lung clearance of “insoluble” particles. J Aerosol Med 3:S93–S110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreyling WG, Semmler M, Erbe F, Mayer P, Takenaka S, Schulz H (2002) Translocation of ultrafine insoluble iridium particles from lung epithelium to extrapulmonary organs is size dependent but very low. J Toxicol Env Heal A 65:1513–1530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li N, Xia T, Nel AE (2008) The role of oxidative stress in ambient particulate matter-induced lung diseases and its implications in the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. Free Radic Biol Med 44:1689–1699

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao C, Chia C, Chen W, Ju Y, Li W, Cheng Y et al (2011) Lung cancer risk in relation to traffic-related nano/ultrafine particle-bound PAHs exposure: a preliminary probabilistic assessment. J Hazard Mater 190:150–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lima RMG, Carneiro LG, Afonso JC, Cunha KMD (2013) Evaluation of solubility in simulated lung fluid of metals present in the slag from a metallurgical industry to produce metallic zinc. J Environ Sci Heal A 48:489–494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Q, Liu Y, Yin J, Zhang M, Zhang T (2014) Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of PM10 during Asian dust storm and non-dust storm days in Beijing. Atmos Environ 91:85–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ljung K, Torin A, Smirk M, Maley F, Cook A, Weinstein P (2008) Extracting dust from soil: a simple solution to a tricky task. Sci Total Environ 407:589–593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ljung K, Siah WS, Devine B, Maley F, Wensinger A, Cook A, Smirk M (2011) Extracting dust from soil: improved efficiency of a previously published process. Sci Total Environ 410–411:269–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzi D, Entwisthe J, Cave M, Wragg J, Dean JR (2012) The application of an in vitro gastrointestinal extraction to assess the oral bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from a former industrial site. Anal Chim Acta 735:54–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Chen Z, Wu M, Feng J, Horii Y, Ohura T et al (2013) Airborne PM 2.5/PM 10-associated chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their parent compounds in a suburban area in Shanghai, China. Environ Sci Technol 47:7615–7623

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madrid F, Biasioli M, Ajmone-Marsan F (2008) Availability and bioaccessibility of metals in fine particles of some urban soils. Arch Environ Con Tox 55:21–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matus K, Nam KM, Selin NE, Lamsal LN, Reilly JM, Paltsev S (2012) Health damages from air pollution in China. Glob Environ Chang 22:55–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menzie CA, Potocki BB, Santodonato J (1992) Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs in the environment. Environ Sci Technol 26:1278–1284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merget R, Rosner G (2001) Evaluation of the health risk of platinum group metals emitted from automotive catalytic converters. Sci Total Environ 270:165–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Midander K, Pan J, Leygraf C (2006) Elaboration of a test method for the study of metal release from stainless steel particles in artificial biological media. Corros Sci 48:2855–2866

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Midander K, Pan J, Wallinder IO, Leygraf C (2007a) Metal release from stainless steel particles in vitro—influence of particle size. J Environ Monitor 9:74–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Midander K, Wallinder IO, Leygraf C (2007b) In vitro studies of copper release from powder particles in synthetic biological media. Environ Pollut 145:51–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moller W, Haussinger K, Ziegler-Heitbrock L, Heyder J (2006) Mucociliary and long-term particle clearance in airways of patients with immotile cilia. Resp Res 7:1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno T, Martins V, Querol X, Jones T, Berube K, Minguillon MC et al (2015) A new look at inhalable metalliferous airborne particles on rail subway platforms. Sci Total Environ 505:367–375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morman SA, Plumlee, GS (2014) Dust and human health. In: Knippertz P, Stuut J.-BW (Eds) Mineral dust: a key player in the earth system. p 385–409

  • Neff JC, Reynolds RL, Munson SM, Fernandez D, Belnap J (2013) The role of dust storms in total atmospheric particle concentrations at two sites in the western U.S. J Geophys Res 118:201–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Niu J, Rasmussen PE, Hassan NM, Vincent R (2010) Concentration distribution and bioaccessibility of trace elements in nano and fine urban airborne particulate matter: influence of particle size. Water Air Soil Poll 213:211–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oberdorster G, Sharp Z, Atudorei V, Elder A, Gelein R, Kreyling W et al (2004) Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain. Inhal Toxicol 16:437–445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsson B, Bondesson E, Borgstrom L, Edsbacker S, Eirefelt S, Ekelund K et al (2011) Pulmonary drug metabolism, clearance, and absorption. In: Smyth HDC, Hickey AJ (eds) Chapter 2 of controlled pulmonary drug delivery. Springer, The Netherlands, p 551

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavilonis BT, Weisel CP, Buckley B, Lioy PJ (2014) Bioaccessibility and risk of exposure to metals and SVOCs in artificial turf field fill materials and fibers. Risk Anal 34:44–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng C, Chen W, Liao X, Wang M, Quyang Z, Jiao W et al (2011) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of Beijing: status, sources, distribution and potential risk. Environ Pollut 159:802–808

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plumlee GS, Morman SE, Ziegler TL (2006) The toxicological geochemistry of earth materials: an overview of processes and the interdisciplinary methods used to understand them. Rev Mineral Geochem 64:5–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plumlee GS, Alpers CN, Morman SA, Juan CS Anticipating environmental and environmental-health implications of extreme storms: ARkStorm scenario. Nat Hazards Rev, article in press, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000188

  • Pope CA, Dockery DW (2006) Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 56:709–742

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potgieter-Vermaak S, Rotondo G, Novakovic V, Rollins S, Van Grieken R (2012) Component-specific toxic concerns of the inhalable fraction of urban road dust. Environ Geochem Hlth 34:689–696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pouschat P, Zagury GJ (2006) In vitro gastrointestinal bioavailability of arsenic in soils collected near CCA-treated utility poles. Environ Sci Technol 40:4317–4323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pouschat P, Zagury GJ (2008) Bioaccessibility of chromium and copper in soils near CCA-treated wood poles. Practic Period Haz Tox Radioactive Waste Manage ASCE 12:216–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puls C, Limbeck A, Hann S (2012) Bioaccessibility of palladium and platinum in urban aerosol particulates. Atmos Environ 55:213–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Querol X, Pey J, Minguillon MC, Perez N, Alastuey A, Viana M et al (2008) PM speciation and sources in Mexico during the MILAGRO-2006 campaign. Atmos Chem Phys 8:111–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues SM, Coelho C, Cruz N, Monteiro RJR, Henriques B, Duarte AC et al (2014) Oral bioaccessibility and human exposure to anthropogenic and geogenic mercury in urban, industrial and mining areas. Sci Total Environ 496:649–661

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez RR, Basta NT, Casteel SW, Pace LW (1999) An in-vitro gastro-intestinal method to assess bioavailable arsenic in contaminated soils and solid media. Environ Sci Technol 33:642–649

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruby MV, Lowney YW (2012) Selective soil particle adherence to hands: implications for understanding oral exposure to soil contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 46:12759–12771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruby MV, Davis A, Schoof R, Eberle S, Sellstone CM (1996) Estimation of lead and arsenic bioavailability using a physiologically based extraction test. Environ Sci Technol 30:422–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaider LA, Senn DB, Brabander DJ, McCarthy KD, Shine JP (2007) Characterization of zinc, lead, and cadmium in mine waste: implications for transport, exposure, and bioavailability. Environ Sci Technol 41:4164–4171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger RB, Kunzli N, Hidy GM, Gotschi T, Jerrett M (2006) The health relevance of ambient particulate matter characteristics: coherence of toxicological and epidemiological inferences. Inhal Toxicol 18:95–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarze PE, Ovrevik ML, Refsnes LM, Nafstad P, Hetland RB, Dybing E (2006) Particulate matter properties and health effects: consistency of epidemiological and toxicological studies. Hum Exp Toxicol 25:559–579

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semmler M, Seitz J, Erbe F, Mayer P, Heyder J (2004) Long-term clearance kinetics of inhaled ultrafine insoluble iridium particles from the rat lung, including transient translocation into secondary organs. Inhal Toxicol 16:453–459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharrat B, Feng G, Wendling L (2007) Loss of soil and PM10 from agricultural fields associated with high winds on the Columbia Plateau. Earth Surf Proc Land 32:621–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soltani N, Keshavarzi B, Moore F, Tavakol T, Lahijanzadeh AR, Jaafarzadeh N et al (2015) Ecological and human health hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Isfahan metropolis. Iran Sci Total Environ 505:712–723

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stopford W, Turner J, Cappellini D, Brock T (2003) Bioaccessibility testing of cobalt compounds. J Environ Monitor 5:675–680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sturm R (2012) Theoretical models of carcinogenic particle deposition and clearance in children’s lungs. J Thorac Dis 4:368–376

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlotta AK, Sutton DJ (2012) Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. In: Andreas L (ed) Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicology, volume 3: environmental toxicology. Springer AG, Basel

    Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira EC, Garcia KO, Meincke L, Leal KA (2011) Study of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fine and coarse atmospheric particles. Atmos Res 101:631–639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Twining J, McGlinn P, Loi E, Smith K, Giere R (2005) Risk ranking of bioaccessible metals from fly ash dissolved in simulated lung and gut fluids. Environ Sci Technol 39:7749–7756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • U.K.EA (United Kingdom Environment Agency) (2009) Soil guideline values for nickel in soil. Science Report SC050021 / Nickel SGV; U.K.EA Bristol, England

  • U.S.EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (1999) Compendium of methods for the determination of inorganic compounds in ambient air—Compendium Method IO-2.1—sampling of ambient air for total suspended particulate matter (SPM) and PM10 using high volume sampler. EPA/625/R-96/010a, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH

  • U.S.EPA. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), A-Z list of substances; http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/index.cfm?fuseaction=iris.showSubstanceList, accessed on 2015-12-21; 2015

  • U.S. EPA. Toxic and Priority Pollutants Under the Clean Water Act; http://www.epa.gov/eg/toxic-and-priority-pollutants-under-clean-water-act#priority, accessed on 2015-12-21; 2014

  • USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) (1984) Element concentrations in soils and other surficial materials of the conterminous United States. USGS Professional Paper 1270; USGS Distribution Branch, Alexandria, VA

  • Voutsa D, Samara C (2002) Labile and bioaccessible fractions of heavy metals in the airborne particulate matter from urban and industrial areas. Atmos Environ 36:3583–3590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Yuan H, Zhuang G et al (2008) Long-term monitoring and source apportionment of PM2.5/PM 10 in Beijing, China. J Environ Sci 20:1323–1327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Huang M, Kang Y, Wang H, Leung AOW (2011) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban surface dust of Guangzhou, China: status, sources and human health risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 409:4519–4527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Huang M, Wu F, Kang Y, Wang H, Cheung KC et al (2013) Risk assessment of bioaccessible organochlorine pesticides exposure via indoor and outdoor dust. Atmos Environ 77:525–533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Lu X, Ren C, Li X, Chen C (2014) Contamination assessment and health risk of heavy metals in dust from Changqing industrial park of Baoji, NW China. Environ Earth Sci 71:2095–2104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiebert P, Sanchez-Crespo A, Seitz J, Falk R, Philipson K, Kreyling WG et al (2006) Negligible clearance of ultrafine particles retained in healthy and affected human lungs. Eur Respir J 286–290

  • Wiseman CLS (2015) Analytical methods for assessing metal bioaccessibility in airborne particulate matter: a scoping review. Anal Chim Acta 877:9–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiseman CLS, Zereini F (2014) Characterizing metal(loid) solubility in airborne PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in Frankfurt, Germany using simulated lung fluids. Atmos Environ 89:282–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witt EC, Shi H, Wronkiewicz DJ, Pavlowsky RT (2014) Phase partitioning and bioaccessibility of Pb in suspended dust from unsurfaced roads in Missouri—a potential tool for determining mitigation response. Atmos Environ 88:90–98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wragg J, Klinck B (2007) The bioaccessibility of lead from Welsh mine waste using a respiratory uptake test. J Environ Sci Heal A 42:1223–1231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wragg J, Cave M, Basta N, Brandon E, Casteel S, Denys S et al (2011) An inter-laboratory trial of the unified BARGE bioaccessibility method for arsenic, cadmium and lead in soil. Sci Total Environ 409:4016–4030

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie SD, Liu Z, Chen T, Hua L (2008) Spatiotemporal variations of ambient PM10 source contributions in Beijing in 2004 using positive matrix factorization. Atmos Chem Phys 8:2701–2716

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zahran S, Laidlaw MAS, McElmurry SP, Filippelli GM, Taylor M (2013) Linking source and effect: resuspended soil lead, air lead, and children’s blood lead levels in Detroit, Michigan. Environ Sci Technol 47:2839–2845

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zereini F, Wiseman CL, Puttmann W (2012) In vitro investigations of platinum, palladium, and rhodium mobility in urban airborne particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, andPM1) using simulated lung fluids. Environ Sci Technol 46:10326–10333

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Yang J, Wang R, Hou H, Du X, Fan S et al (2013) Effects of pollution sources and soil properties on distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 463–464:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang R, Wang G, Guo S, Zamora ML, Ying Q, Lin Y et al (2015) Formation of urban fine particulate matter. Chem Rev 115:3803–3855

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Y, Yang X, Yuan Q, Yan C, Dong C, Meng C et al (2014) Airborne particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution in a background site in the North China Plain: concentration, size distribution, toxicity and sources. Sci Total Environ 466–467:357–368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zoitos BK, De Meringo A, Rouyer E, Bauer S, Thelohan J, Law B et al (1997) In vitro measurement of fiber dissolution rate relevant to biopersistence at neutral pH: an interlaboratory round robin. Inhal Toxicol 9:525–540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) via the CREATE (Prof R.P. Chapuis) and the Discovery Grant (Prof G.J. Zagury) programs.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada

    Mert Guney, Robert P. Chapuis & Gerald J. Zagury

Authors
  1. Mert Guney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robert P. Chapuis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gerald J. Zagury
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gerald J. Zagury.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Guney, M., Chapuis, R.P. & Zagury, G.J. Lung bioaccessibility of contaminants in particulate matter of geological origin. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 24422–24434 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6623-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6623-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation