Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Variability in optical properties of atmospheric aerosols and their frequency distribution over a mega city “New Delhi,” India

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The role of atmospheric aerosols in climate and climate change is one of the largest uncertainties in understanding the present climate and in capability to predict future climate change. Due to this, the study of optical properties of atmospheric aerosols over a mega city “New Delhi” which is highly polluted and populated were conducted for two years long to see the aerosol loading and its seasonal variability using sun/sky radiometer data. Relatively higher mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) (0.90 ± 0.38) at 500 nm and associated Angstrom exponent (AE) (0.82 ± 0.35) for a pair of wavelength 400–870 nm is observed during the study period indicating highly turbid atmosphere throughout the year. Maximum AOD value is observed in the months of June and November while minimum is in transition months March and September. Apart from this, highest value of AOD (AE) value is observed in the post-monsoon [1.00 ± 0.42 (1.02 ± 0.16)] season followed by the winter [0.95 ± 0.36 (1.02 ± 0.20)] attributed to significance contribution of urban as well as biomass/crop residue burning aerosol which is further confirmed by aerosol type discrimination based on AOD vs AE. During the pre-monsoon season, mostly dust and mixed types aerosols are dominated. AODs value at shorter wavelength observed maximum in June and November while at longer wavelength maximum AOD is observed in June only. For the better understanding of seasonal aerosol modification process, the aerosol curvature effect is studied which show a strong seasonal dependency under a high turbid atmosphere, which are mainly associated with various emission sources. Five days air mass back trajectories were computed. They suggest different patterns of particle transport during the different seasons. Results suggest that mixtures of aerosols are present in the urban environment, which affect the regional air quality as well as climate. The present study will be very much useful to the modeler for validation of satellite data with observed data during estimation of radiative effect.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alam K, Trautmann T, Blaschke T, Majid H (2012) Aerosol optical and radiative properties during summer and winter seasons over Lahore and Karachi. Atmos Environ 50:234–245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alfaro SC, Gomes L, Rajot JL, Lafon S, Gaudichet A, Chatenet B, Maillé M, Cautenet G, Lasserre F, Cachier H, Zhang XY (2003) Chemical and optical characterization of aerosols measured in spring 2002 at the ACE-Asia supersite, Zhenbeitai, China. J Geophys Res 108(D23):8641. doi:10.1029/2002JD003214

  • Angstrom A (1964) The parameters of atmospheric turbidity. Tellus 16:64–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badarinath KVS, Kharol SK, Sharma AR (2009) Long-range transport of aerosols from agriculture crop residue burning in Indo-Gangetic Plains—a study using LIDAR, ground measurements and satellite data. J Atmos Solar Terr Phys 71:112–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balakrishna G, Pervez S, Bisht DS (2011) Source apportionment of arsenic in atmospheric dust fall out in an urban residential area, Raipur, Central India. Atmos Chem Phys 11(11):5141–5151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beegum SN, Moorthy KK, Babu SS, Satheesh SK, Vinoj V, Badarinath KVS et al (2009) Spatial distribution of aerosol black carbon over India during pre-monsoon season. Atmos Environ 43:1071–1078

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellouin N, Boucher O, Haywood J, Reddy MS (2005) Global estimate of aerosol direct radiative forcing from satellite measurements. Nature 438:1138–1141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergstrom RW, Pilewskie P, Russell PB, Redemann J, Bond TC, Quinn PK, Sierau B (2007) Spectral absorption properties of atmospheric aerosols. Atmos Chem Phys 7:5937–5943

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarty RK, Pervez S, Chow JC, Watson JG, Dewangan S, Robles J, Tian G (2013) Funeral pyres in South Asia: brown carbon aerosol emissions and climate impacts. Environ Sci Technol Lett 1(1):44–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charlson RJ, Schwartz SE, Hales JM, Cess RD, Coakley JA, Hansen JE, Hoffmann DJ (1992) Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science 255:423–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chelani AB, Gajghate DG, Chalapati Rao CV, Devotta S (2010) Particle size distribution in ambient air of Delhi and its statistical analysis. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 85:22–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dani KK, Ernest Raj P, Devara PCS, Pandithurai G, Sonbawne SM, Maheskumar RS, Saha SK, Jaya Rao Y (2012) Long-term trends and variability in measured multi-spectral aerosol optical depth over a tropical urban station in India. Int J Climatol 32:153–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dey S, Di Girolamo L (2010) A climatology of aerosol optical and microphysical properties over the Indian subcontinent from 9 years (2000–2008) of Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data. J Geophys Res 115:D15204. doi:10.1029/2009JD013395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Girolamo L, Bond TC, Bramer D, Diner DJ, Fettinger F, Kahn RA, Martonchik JV, Ramana MV, Ramanathan V, Rasch PJ (2004) Analysis of Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aerosol optical depths over greater India during winter 2001–2004. Geophys Res Lett 31:L23115. doi:10.1029/2004GL021273

    Google Scholar 

  • Draxler RR, Rolph GD (2003) HYSPLIT (Hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory) model. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD

  • Eck TF, Holben BN, Reid JS, Dubovik O, Smirnov A, O’Neill NT, Slutsker I, Kinne S (1999) Wavelength dependence of the optical depth of biomass burning, urban, and desert dust aerosols. J Geophys Res 104:31333–31349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eck TF, Holben BN, Sinyuk A, Pinker RT, Goloub P, Chen H, Chatenet B, Li Z, Singh RP, Tripathi SN, Reid JS, Giles DM, Dubovik O, O’Neill NT, Smirnov A, Wang P, Xia X (2010) Climatological aspects of the optical properties of fine/coarse mode aerosol mixtures. J Geophys Res 115:D19205. doi:10.1029/2010JD014002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganguly D, Jayaraman A, Gadhavi H (2006) Physical and optical properties of aerosols over an urban location in Western India seasonal variabilities. J Geophys Res 111:D24206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gautam R, Hsu NC, Kafatos M, Tsay SC (2007) Influences of winter haze on fog/low cloud over the Indo-Gangetic plains. J Geophys Res 112:D05207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gautam R, Hsu NC, Tsay SC, Lau KM, Holben BN, Bell S, Smirnov A, Li C, Hansell R, Ji Q, Payra S, Aryal D, Kayastha R, Kim KM (2011) Accumulation of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic plains and Southern Slopes of the Himalayas: distribution, properties and radiative effects during the 2009 pre-monsoon season. Atmos Chem Phys 11:12841–12863

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giles DM, Holben BN, Tripathi SN, Eck T, Newcomb W, Slutsker I, Dickerson R, Thompson A, Mattoo S, Wang S, Singh RP, Sinyuk A, Schafer J (2011) Aerosol properties over the Indo-Gangetic plain: a 1 mesoscale perspective from the TIGERZ experiment. J Geophys Res 116:D18203. doi:10.1029/2011JD015809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gobbi GP, Kaufman YJ, Koren I, Eck TF (2007) Classification of aerosol properties derived from AERONET direct sun data. Atmos Chem Phys 7:453–458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gogoi MM, Moorthy KK, Babu SS, Bhuyan PK (2009) Climatology of columnar aerosol properties and the influence of synoptic conditions: first-time results from the northeastern region of India. J Geophys Res 114:D08202. doi:10.1029/2008JD010765

  • Gogoi M, Pathak B, Moorthy KK, Bhuyan PK, Suresh Babu S, Bhuyan K, Kalita G (2011) Multi-year investigations of near surface and columnar aerosols over Dibrugarh, northeastern location of India: heterogeneity in source impacts. Atmos Environ 45:1714–1724

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guleria RP, Kuniyal JC, Sharma NL, Dhyani PP (2012) Seasonal variability in aerosol optical and physical characteristics estimated using the application of the angstrom formula over Mohal in the northwestern Himalaya, India. J Earth Syst Sci 121(3):697–710

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Climate change (2007) The physical science basis: contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; 2007 [AR4, Chapter 2, pp. 129–234]

  • IPCC (2013) Fifth assessment report: climate change 2013. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalapureddy MCR, Kaskaoutis DG, Raj PE, Devara PCS, Kambezidis HD, Kosmopoulos PG, Nastos PT (2009) Identification of aerosol type over the Arabian Sea in the pre-monsoon season during the ICARB campaign. J Geophys Res 114:D17203. doi:10.1029/2009JD011826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaskaoutis DG, Kambezidis HD, Hatzianastassiou N, Kosmopoulos PG, Badarinath KVS (2007) Aerosol climatology: dependence of the Ångström exponent on wavelength over four AERONET sites. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 7:7347–7397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaskaoutis DG, Badarinath KVS, Kharol SK, Sharma AR, Kambezidis HD (2009) Variations in the aerosol optical properties and types over the tropical urban site of Hyderabad. J Geophys Res 114:D22204. doi:10.1029/2009JD012423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaskaoutis DG, Singh RP, Gautam R, Sharma M, Kosmopoulos PG, Tripathi SN (2012) Variability and trends of aerosol properties over Kanpur, Northern India using AERONET data (2001-10). Environ Res Lett 7:024003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaskaoutis DG, Sinha PR, Vinoj V, Kosmopoulos PG, Tripathi SN, Misra A, Sharma M, Singh RP (2013) Aerosol properties and radiative forcing over Kanpur during severe aerosol loading conditions. Atmos Environ 79:7–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaskaoutis DG, Houssos EE, Goto D, Bartzokas A, Nastos PT, Sinha PR, Kharol SK, Kosmopoulos PG, Singh RP, Takemura T (2014) Synoptic weather conditions and aerosol episodes over Indo-Gangetic Plains, India. Clim Dyn 43:2313–2331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman YJ et al (1994) Size distribution and scattering phase function of aerosol particles retrieved from sky brightness measurements. J Geophys Res 99:10341–10345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kharol SK, Badarinath KVS, Sharma AR, Mahalakshmi DV, Singh D, Krishna PV (2012) Black carbon aerosol variations over Patiala City, Punjab, India—a study during agriculture crop residue burning period using ground measurements and satellite data. J Atmos Solar Terr Phys 84–85:45–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar M, Tiwari S, Murari V, Singh AK, Banerjee T (2015) Wintertime characteristics of aerosols at middle Indo-Gangetic plain: impacts of regional meteorology and long range transport. Atmos Environ 104:162–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence MG, Lelieveld J (2010) Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review. Atmos Chem Phys 10(22):11017–11096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee J, Kim J, Song CH, Kim SB, Chun Y, Sohn BJ, Holben BN (2010) Characteristics of aerosol types from AERONET sunphotometer measurements. Atmos Environ 44:3110–3117

  • Lodhi N K, Beegum S N, Singh S, Kumar K (2013) Aerosol climatology at Delhi in the western Indo-Gangetic plain: microphysics, long-term trends, and source strengths. J Geophys Res 118. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50165

  • Matawle J, Pervez S, Dewangan S, Tiwari S, Bisht DS, Pervez YF (2014) PM2.5 chemical source profiles of emissions resulting from industrial and domestic burning activities in India. Aerosol Air Qual Res 14(7):2051–U358

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra AK, Srivastava A, Jain VK (2013) Spectral dependency of aerosol optical depth and derived aerosol size distribution over Delhi: an implication to pollution source. Sustain Environ Res 23:113–128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moorthy KK, Babu SS, Manoj MR, Satheesh SK (2013) Buildup of aerosols over Indian region. Geophys Res Lett 40:1011–1014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan MG, Adams PJ, Keith DW (2006) Elicitation of expert judgments of aerosol forcing. Climate Change 75:195–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakajima T, Tonna G, Rao R, Boi P, Kaufman Y, Holben BN (1996) Use of sky brightness measurements from ground for remote sensing of particulate polydispersions. Appl Opt 35:2672–2686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandithurai G, Pinker RT, Devara PCS, Takamura T, Dani KK (2007) Seasonal asymmetry in diurnal variation of aerosol optical characteristics over Pune, western India. J Geophys Res 112:D08208. doi:10.1029/2006JD007803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pandithurai G, Dipu S, Dani KK, Tiwari S, Bisht DS, Devara PCS, Pinker RT (2008) Aerosol radiative forcing during dust events over New Delhi, India. J Geophys Res 113:D13209. doi:10.1029/2008JD009804

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pani SK, Verma S (2013) Variability of winter and summertime aerosols over eastern India urban environment. Atmos Res doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.09.014

  • Pervez S, Dubey N, Watson JG, Chow J, Pervez Y (2012) Impact of different household fuel use on source apportionment results of house-indoor RPM in Central India. Aerosol Air Qual Res 12(1):49–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pervez S, Chakrabarty R, Dewangan S, Watson JG, Chow JC, Matawle J, Pervez Y (2014) Cultural and ritual burning emission factors and activity levels in India. Aerosol Air Qual Res. doi:10.4209/aaqr.2014.01.0022

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad AK, Singh RP (2007) Changes in aerosol parameters during major dust storm events (2001–2005) over the Indo-Gangetic Plains using AERONET and MODIS data. J Geophys Res 112:D09208. doi:10.1029/2006JD007778

    Google Scholar 

  • Ram K, Sarin MM, Hegde P (2010) Long-term record of aerosol optical properties and chemical composition from a high-altitude site (Manora Peak) in Central Himalaya. Atmos Chem Phys 10:11791–11803

  • Ramchandran S (2007) Aerosol optical depth and fine mode fraction variations deduced from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over four urban areas in India. J Geophys Res. doi:10.1029/2007JD008500

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid JS, Eck TF, Christopher SA, Hobbs PV, Holben BN (1999) Use of the Ångström exponent to estimate the variability of optical and physical properties of aging smoke particles in Brazil. J Geophys Res 104(D22):473–489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell PB, Bergstrom RW, Shinozuka Y, Clarke AD, De-Carlo PF, Jimenez JL, Livingston JM, Redemann J, Dubovik O, Strawa A (2010) Absorption angstrom exponent in AERONET and related data as an indicator of aerosol composition. Atmos Chem Phys 10:1155–1169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satheesh SK, Moorthy KK, Kaufman YJ, Takemura T (2006) Aerosol optical depth, physical properties and radiative forcing over the Arabian Sea. Meteorog Atmos Phys 91:45–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuster GL, Dubovik O, Holben BN (2006) Ångström exponent and bimodal aerosol size distributions. J Geophys Res 111:D07207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz SE, Arnold F, Blanchet J-P, Durkee PA, Hofmann DJ, Hoppel WA, King MD, Laos AA, Nakajima T, Ogren JA, Toon OB, Wendisch M (1995) Group report: connections between aerosol properties and forcing of climate. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 251–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma AR, Kharol SK, Badarinath KVS, Singh D (2010) Impact of agriculture crop residue burning on atmospheric aerosol loading—a study over Punjab State, India. Ann Geophys 28:367–379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma D, Singh D, Kaskaoutis DG (2012) Impact of two intense dust storms on aerosol characteristics and radiative forcing over Patiala, in the North-West India. Adv Meteorol 2012:956814. doi:10.1155/2012/956814

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Kaskaoutis DG, Singh RP, Singh S (2014) Seasonal variability of atmospheric aerosol parameters over greater Noida using ground sunphotometer observations. Aerosol Air Qual Res 14:608–622

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw GE (1976) Error analysis of multi-wavelength sun photometry. Pure Appl Geophys 114(1):1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RP, Dey S, Tripathi SN, Tare V, Holben B (2004) Variability of aerosol parameters over Kanpur, northern India. J Geophys Res 109:D23206. doi:10.1029/2004JD004966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Nath S, Kohli R, Singh R (2005) Aerosols over Delhi during pre-monsoon months: characteristics and effects on surface radiation forcing. Geophys Res Lett 32:L13808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Soni K, Bano T, Tanwar RS, Nath S, Arya BC (2010) Clear-sky direct aerosol radiative forcing variations over mega-city Delhi. Ann Geophys 28:1157–1166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha PR, Kaskaoutis DG, Manchanda RK, Sreenivasan S (2012) Characteristics of aerosols over Hyderabad, in Southern Peninsular India with the use of different techniques. Ann Geophys 30:1393–1410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha PR, Dumka UC, Manchanda RK, Kaskaoutis DG, Sreenivasan S, Moorthy KK, Suresh BS (2013) Contrasting aerosol characteristics and radiative forcing over Hyderabad, India due to seasonal mesoscale and synoptic scale processes. Q J R Meteorol Soc 139:434–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soni K, Singh S, Tanwar RS, Nath S (2011) Wavelength dependence of the aerosol Ångström exponent and its implications over Delhi, India. Aerosol Sci Technol 45:1488–1498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sreekanth V (2013) Satellite derived aerosol optical depth climatology over Bangalore, India. Adv Space Res 51:2297–2308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava A, Jain VK, Srivastava A (2009) SEM-EDX analysis of various sizes aerosols in Delhi India. Environ Monit Assess 150:405–416

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava AK, Tiwari S, Devara PCS, Bisht DS, Srivastava MK, Tripathi SN, Goloub P, Holben BN (2011) Pre-monsoon aerosol characteristics over the Indo-Gangetic basin: implications to climatic impact. Ann Geophys 29:789–804

  • Srivastava AK, Singh S, Tiwari S, Kanawade VP, Bisht DS (2012) Variation between near-surface and columnar aerosol characteristics during winters and pre-monsoons at a station in the Indo-Gangatic Basin. J Atmos Solar Terr Phys 77:57–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stull R B (1999) An introduction to boundary layer meteorology. Kluwer Academic Publisher, 670

  • Tiwari S, Singh AK (2013) Variability of aerosol parameters derived from ground and satellite measurements over Varanasi located in Indo-Gangetic basin. Aerosol Air Qual Res 13:627–638

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari S, Srivastava AK, Bisht DS, Bano T, Singh S, Behura S, Srivastava MK, Chate DM, Padmanabhamurty B (2009) Black carbon and chemical characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 at an urban site of North India. J Atmos Chem 62(3):193–209. doi:10.1007/s10874-010-9148-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari S, Srivastava AK, Singh AK (2013) Heterogeneity in pre-monsoon aerosol characteristics over the Indo-Gangetic Basin. Atmos Environ 77:738–747

  • Tiwari S, Srivastava AK, Singh AK, Singh S (2015a) Identification of aerosol types over Indo-Gangetic Basin: implications to optical properties and associated radiative forcing. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4495-6

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari S, Hopke PK, Pipal AS, Srivastava AK, Bisht DS, Shani T, Singh AK, Soni VK, Attri SD (2015b) Intra-urban variability of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and its relationship with optical properties of aerosols over Delhi, India. Atmos Res 166:223–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tonna G, Nakajima T, Rao R (1995) Aerosol features retrieved from solar aureole data: a simulation study concerning a turbid atmosphere. Appl Opt 34:4486–4499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi SN, Dey S, Tare V, Satheesh SK (2005) Aerosol black carbon radiative forcing at an industrial city in northern India. Geophys Res Lett 32(8):L08802. doi:10.1029/2005GL022515

  • Tripathi SN et al (2006) Measurements of atmospheric parameters during Indian Space Research Organization Geosphere Biosphere Programme Land Campaign II at a typical location in the Ganga basin: 1. Physical and optical properties. J Geophys Res 111:D23209. doi:10.1029/2006JD007278

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma S, Boucher O, Reddy MS, Upadhyaya HC, Van PL, Binkowski FS, Sharma OP (2012) Tropospheric distribution of sulphate aerosols mass and number concentration during INDOEX-IFP and its transport over the Indian Ocean: a GCM study. Atmos Chem Phys 12:6185–6196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinoj V, Satheesh SK, Suresh BS, Moorthy KK (2004) Large aerosol optical depths observed at an urban location in Southern India associated with rain deficit summer monsoon season. Ann Geophys 22:3073–3077

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Mr. S. Tiwari is thankful to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for providing a senior research fellowship. Dr. Suresh Tiwari thanks the Director, IITM for his constant encouragement and support. We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    S. Tiwari & Abhay Kumar Singh

  2. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (New Delhi Branch), Prof Ramnath Vij Marg, New Delhi, 110060, India

    Suresh Tiwari

  3. CARES, Clarkson University, Box 5708, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5708, USA

    P. K. Hopke

  4. India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, 110001, India

    S. D. Attri & V. K. Soni

Authors
  1. S. Tiwari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Suresh Tiwari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. K. Hopke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. D. Attri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. V. K. Soni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Abhay Kumar Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abhay Kumar Singh.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Gerhard Lammel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tiwari, S., Tiwari, S., Hopke, P.K. et al. Variability in optical properties of atmospheric aerosols and their frequency distribution over a mega city “New Delhi,” India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 8781–8793 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6060-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6060-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation