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Evidence of hormesis on human neuronal SK-N-BE cells treated with sodium arsenate: impact at the mitochondrial level

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Abstract

Exposure of human neuronal SK-N-BE cells to sodium arsenate (AsV 0.1–400 μM; 48 h) induced a biphasic toxic effect evoking hormesis. Indeed, at low concentrations, AsV stimulates cell proliferation visualized by phase contrast microscopy, whereas at high concentrations, an induction of cell death associated with a loss of cell adhesion was observed. These side effects were confirmed with crystal violet test, cell cycle analysis, evaluation of the percentage of Ki67 positive cells, and staining with propidium iodide. The impact of AsV on mitochondrial functions, which was determined by the MTT assay, the measurement of mitochondrial transmembrane potential with DiOC6(3), and the rate of mitochondrial ATP, also support an hormesis process. In addition, in the presence of high concentrations of AsV, a significant decrease of the protein expression of OXPHOS complexes of the respiratory chain was observed by western blot supporting that AsV-induced cell death is associated with mitochondrial alterations. Therefore, there are some evidences of hormesis on AsV-treated SK-N-BE cells, and at high concentrations, the mitochondria are a target of toxicity induced by AsV.

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Abbreviations

AsV:

Sodium arsenate

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium

PI:

Propidium iodide

ΔΨ m :

Mitochondrial transmembrane potential

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Université de Bourgogne (Dijon, France), and the Université de Monastir (Monastir, Tunisia).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Bourgogne Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, ‘Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique’ EA7270 / INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Dijon, France

    Wafa Kharroubi, Samia Haj Ahmed, Thomas Nury, Pierre Andreoletti, Amira Zarrouk & Gérard Lizard

  2. Laboratoire de biochimie « Nutrition -aliments fonctionnels et santé vasculaire « LR- NAFS LR12ES05, Faculté de Médecine, Monastir, Tunisie

    Wafa Kharroubi, Samia Haj Ahmed, Amira Zarrouk, Rachid Sakly & Mohamed Hammami

  3. Unité de recherche de génétique « Histologie et de Cytogénétique 02/UR/ 08–03 »Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie

    Zohra Haouas

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  1. Wafa Kharroubi
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  2. Samia Haj Ahmed
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  3. Thomas Nury
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Correspondence to Wafa Kharroubi.

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Kharroubi, W., Ahmed, S.H., Nury, T. et al. Evidence of hormesis on human neuronal SK-N-BE cells treated with sodium arsenate: impact at the mitochondrial level. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 8441–8452 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6043-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6043-4

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