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Impact of the biocide Irgarol on meiofauna and prokaryotes from the sediments of the Bizerte lagoon—an experimental study

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Abstract

The biocide Irgarol 1051 has been reported to have negative effects on a large number of living components including non-target organisms, but information on its impact on the marine meiofauna and benthic prokaryotes is completely lacking. Here, we report the results of long-term experimental studies in which we determined the effects of increasing Irgarol concentrations (from 11.5 to 315 ng g−1 sediment dry weight) on meiofauna and benthic prokaryotes. We found that this biocide had a significant impact on meiofauna abundance, even at the lowest concentrations, causing a drastic decline in the abundance of nematodes (the dominant meiofaunal taxon) and an increase of the relative importance of oligochaetes. Even if no direct effects of Irgarol were found on prokaryotic abundance and biomass, the molecular fingerprinting analyses (automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis) showed that the prokaryotic diversity was significantly altered by the biocide. The results of the present study indicate that Irgarol 1051 in marine sediments has a significant impact on the smallest eukaryotic and microbial components also at very low concentrations (ca 12 ng g−1).

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Tunisian Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research, the Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC)—CNR, the Polytechnic University of Marche, and the Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte. We are grateful to Mario Sprovieri, IMAC—CNR, for his expert advices for chemical analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia

    Amel Hannachi, Soumaya Elarbaoui, Abdelhafidh Khazri, Hamouda Beyrem & Ezzeddine Mahmoudi

  2. Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy

    Eugenio Rastelli, Cinzia Corinaldesi & Roberto Danovaro

  3. Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC)—CNR, Via del Mare 3, 91021, Torretta Granitola, Trapani, Italy

    Fabio D’Agostino

  4. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy

    Eugenio Rastelli & Roberto Danovaro

  5. Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, 28 rue de 2 mars 1934, 2025, Salammbô, Tunisia

    Badreddine Sellami

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  1. Amel Hannachi
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  2. Soumaya Elarbaoui
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Correspondence to Amel Hannachi.

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Hannachi, A., Elarbaoui, S., Khazri, A. et al. Impact of the biocide Irgarol on meiofauna and prokaryotes from the sediments of the Bizerte lagoon—an experimental study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 7712–7721 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5936-y

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