Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Production and optimization of biodiesel using mixed immobilized biocatalysts in packed bed reactor

  • Pollution control technologies and alternate energy options
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Vegetable oils are used as raw materials for biodiesel production using transesterification reaction. Several methods for the production of biodiesel were developed using chemical (alkali and acidic compounds) and biological catalysts (lipases). Biodiesel production catalyzed by lipases is energy and cost-saving processes and is carried out at normal temperature and pressure. The need for an efficient method for screening larger number of variables has led to the adoption of statistical experimental design. In the present study, packed bed reactor was designed to study with mixed immobilized biocatalysts to have higher productivity under optimum conditions. Contrary to the single-step acyl migration mechanism, a two-step stepwise reaction mechanism involving immobilized Candida rugosa lipase and immobilized Rhizopus oryzae cells was employed for the present work. This method was chosen because enzymatic hydrolysis followed by esterification can tolerate high free fatty acid containing oils. The effects of flow rate and bed height on biodiesel yield were studied using two factors five-level central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum biodiesel yield of 85 and 81 % was obtained for jatropha oil and karanja oil with the optimum bed height and optimum flow rate of 32.6 cm and 1.35 L/h, and 32.6 cm and 1.36 L/h, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akoh CC, Chang S, Lee G, Shaw J (2007) Enzymatic approach to biodiesel production. J Agric Food Chem 55:8995–9005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ban K, Hama S, Nishizuka K, Kaieda M, Matsumoto T, Kondo A, Noda H, Fukuda H (2002) Repeated use of whole cell biocatalysts immobilized within biomass support particles for biodiesel fuel production. J Mol Catal B: Enzym 17:157–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnwal BK, Sharma MP (2005) Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in India. Renew Sust Energ Rev 9:363–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Billaud F, Dominguez V, Broutin P, Busson C (1995) Production of hydro carbons by pyrolysis of methyl esters from rapeseed oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 72:1149–1154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demirbas A (2008) Relationships derived from physical properties of vegetable oil and biodiesel fuels. Fuel 87:1743–1748

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fjerbaek L, Christensen KV, Norddahl B (2009) A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification. Biotechnol Bioeng 102:1298–1315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gandhi NN, Sawant SB, Joshi JB (1995) Study on the Lipozyme catalyzed synthesis of butyl laureate. Biotechnol Bioeng 46:1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harwood HJ (1984) Oleochemicals as a fuel: mechanical and economical feasibility. J Am Oil Chem Soc 61:315–324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong GT, Park DH (2008) Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of rapeseed oil for biodiesel production with tert-butanol. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 14:8131–8139

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaieda M, Samukawa T, Matsumato T, Ban K, Kondo A, Shimada Y, Noda H, Nomoto F, Ohtsuka K, Izumoto E, Fukuda H (1999) Biodiesel fuel production from plant oil catalyzed by R. oryzae lipase in a water containing system without an organic solvent. J Biosci Bioeng 88:627–631

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma F, Hanna MA (1999) Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresour Technol 70:1–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti JM, Miguel VU, Errazu AF (2008) Techno-economic study of different alternatives for biodiesel production. Fuel Process Technol 89:740–748

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maroušek J, Itoh S, Higa O, Kondo Y, Ueno M, Suwa R, Komiya Y, Tominaga J, Kawamitsu Y (2012) The use of underwater high-voltage discharges to improve the efficiency of Jatropha curcas L. biodiesel production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 9:451–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maroušek J, Itoh S, Higa O, Kondo Y, Ueno M, Suwa R, Komiya Y, Tominaga J, Kawamitsu Y (2013a) Pressure shockwaves to enhance oil extraction from Jatropha curcas L. Biotechnol Biotechnol 27:3654–3658

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maroušek J, Itoh S, Higa O, Kondo Y, Ueno M, Suwa R, Tominagaa J, Kawamitsua Y (2013b) Enzymatic hydrolysis enhanced by pressure shockwaves opening new possibilities in Jatropha curcas L. processing. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 88:1650–1653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers RH, Montgomery DC (1995) Response surface methodology: process and product optimization using design experiments. Wiley, New York, pp 74–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinto AC, Lilian LN, Guarieiroa LLN, Rezendea MJC, Ribeiroa NM (2005) Biodiesel: an overview. J Braz Chem Soc 16:1313–1330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pryde EH (1983) Vegetable oil as diesel fuel: overview. J Am Oil Chem Soc 60:1557–1558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selmi B, Thomas D (1998) Immobilized lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil in a solvent free medium. J Am Oil Chem Soc 75:691–695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw JF, Wang DL, Wang YJ (1991) Lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis and isopropanolysis of triglycerides with long-chain fatty acids. Enzyme Microb Technol 13:544–546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimada Y, Watanabe Y, Samukawa T, Sugihara NH, Fukuda H, Tominger Y (1999) Conversion of plant oil to biodiesel using immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase. J Am Oil Chem Soc 76:789–793

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tepe O, Dursun AY (2008) Combined effects of external mass transfer and biodegradation rates on removal of phenol by immobilized Ralstonia eutropha in a packed bed reactor. J Hazard Mater 151:9–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan X, Liu J, Zeng G, Shi J, Tong J, Huang G (2008) Optimization of conversion of waste rapeseed oil with high FFA to biodiesel using response surface methodology. Renew Energy 33:1678–1684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Ethical statements

Manuscript entitled “Production and optimization of biodiesel using immobilized biocatalyst for jatropha and karanja oils in packed bed reactor” for publication in Environmental Science and Pollution Research. I further confirm that the manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere for publication, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder. No data have been fabricated or manipulated to support our conclusions. The research does not involve any human participants and animals for informed consent. The manuscript is prepared strictly according to the journal format as provided in the instruction to authors.

Conflit of interest

The authors declare that we have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemical Engineering Lab, Chemical Engineering Department, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, 608002, Tamilnadu, India

    S. Bakkiyaraj, Mahin Basha Syed, M. G. Devanesan & Viruthagiri Thangavelu

  2. Environmental Engineering Lab, Nawab Shah Alam Khan College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, 500024, Telangana, India

    Mahin Basha Syed

Authors
  1. S. Bakkiyaraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mahin Basha Syed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. G. Devanesan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Viruthagiri Thangavelu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahin Basha Syed.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Bingcai Pan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bakkiyaraj, S., Syed, M.B., Devanesan, M.G. et al. Production and optimization of biodiesel using mixed immobilized biocatalysts in packed bed reactor. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 9276–9283 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4583-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4583-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation