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Hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in surface sediments from river drainage basins of Shanghai, China: occurrence, distribution, and mass inventory

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Abstract

Concentrations of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were determined in surface sediments of Shanghai, China. The concentrations of total HBCD diastereoisomers (ΣHBCD) ranged from 0.01 to 13.70 ng g−1 dry weight (dw) with a mean value of 3.41 ng g−1 dw, which was up to several orders of magnitude lower than those reported for sediments from European countries. The ΣHBCD concentrations in sediments from chemical/textile industrial or densely populated areas were generally higher than those from rural or less chemical/textile industrialized areas in Shanghai. A high proportion of α-HBCD was observed in sediment samples and was significantly higher than that of commercial HBCD products. This might be due to thermal isomerization from γ-HBCD to α-HBCD and slower degradation rate of α-HBCD compared to γ-HBCD in anaerobic conditions. The mass inventory of ΣHBCD in surface sediments of Shanghai was estimated at 164.4 kg, representing a significant source of HBCDs to the Shanghai environment. This indicates that further study on potential transfer of HBCDs from sediments to aquatic organisms and ecological risk assessments is required.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11175112, 41373098, 41430644, 41473090, and 41273141) and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT13078).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 201800, People’s Republic of China

    Liang Tang, Hai-Yang Shao, Jian-Yao Zhu, Gang Xu, Tao Han & Bing-Quan Peng

  2. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China

    Ming-Hong Wu

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  1. Liang Tang
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  2. Hai-Yang Shao
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  3. Jian-Yao Zhu
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  4. Gang Xu
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Correspondence to Gang Xu or Ming-Hong Wu.

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Tang, L., Shao, HY., Zhu, JY. et al. Hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in surface sediments from river drainage basins of Shanghai, China: occurrence, distribution, and mass inventory. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 11993–12000 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4336-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4336-7

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