Abstract
Background
Mobile Applications (App) have reshaped approaches to the intervention and monitoring of physical training. The Safe Runner App is an example. However, evidence of the reliability of the Safe Runner App to obtain aerobic parameters still needs to be investigated.
Aims
The present study aimed to analyze the accuracy and reproducibility of power parameters and aerobic capacity derived from incremental testing on a treadmill using an application for mobile devices.
Methods
Twenty participants performed a maximum incremental test and retest. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2MAX), maximum heart rate (HRMAX), maximum velocity (VMAX), anaerobic threshold heart rate (HRAT), and anaerobic threshold velocity (VAT) were estimated. A two-way ANOVA was used for dependent samples or the Friedman test for non-parametric data, and effect size (Cohens-d), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland–Altman were used to verify reliability.
Results
No differences between the test and retest (p > 0.05) were observed for all variables assessed. The variables VO2MAX (d = 0.05), HRMAX (d = 0.01), and VMAX (d = 0.05) showed a trivial effect size, while HRAT (d = 0.11) and VAT (d = 0.16) showed to be trivial/low. The ICC values for VO2MAX (0.996), HRMAX (0.955), HRAT (0.939), VMAX (0.996), and VAT (0.913) demonstrated reliability. The Bland–Altman plots demonstrated an agreement of the variables. The variables VO2MAX, HRAT, and VAT were identical when comparing the Safe Runner App and Excel software.
Conclusion
The Safe Runner App is reliable in identifying aerobic training parameters.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.
Abbreviations
- ACSM:
-
American College of Sports Medicine
- App:
-
Mobile application
- Cohens-d :
-
Effect size
- HRAT :
-
Anaerobic threshold heart rate
- HRMAX :
-
Maximum heart rate
- ICC:
-
Intraclass correlation coefficient
- MDC:
-
Minimum detectable change
- SEM:
-
Standard error measurement
- V AT :
-
Anaerobic threshold velocity
- V MAX :
-
Maximum velocity
- VO2MAX :
-
Maximum oxygen consumption
References
Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR et al (2007) Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation 116(9):1081–1093
Sant’Ana J, Dal Pupo J, Gheller RG, Diefenthaeler F (2012) Effect of a combined training in aerobic fitness and body composition in adults. Braz J Exerc Presc Physiol 6(35):433–440
Caputo F, Oliveira MFM, Greco CC, Denadai BS (2009) Aerobic exercise: bioenergetics, physiological adjustments, fatigue and performance indices. Braz J Kinathrop Hum Perform 11(1):94–102
Santos TM, Viana BF, Sá Filho AS (2012) Reliability of VO2Max estimated in treadmill running by heart rate reserve and power output. J Phys Educ Sport 26(1):29–36
Billat VL, Sirvent P, Py G, Koralsztein JP, Mercier J (2003) The concept of maximal lactate steady state: a bridge between biochemistry, physiology and sport science. Sports Med 33(6):407–426
Dittrich N, da Silva JF, Castagna C, de Lucas RD, Guglielmo LG (2011) Validity of Carminatti’s test to determine physiological indices of aerobic power and capacity in soccer and futsal players. J Strength Cond Res 25(11):3099–3106. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182132ce7
Bangsbo J (1996) YO-YO tests. HO + Storm, Bagsvaerd. August Krogh Institute - Copenhagen University, Copenhagen
Cazorla G (1990) Test de terrain pour évaluer la capacité aérobie et la vitesse aérobie maximale. In: Dans: «Actes du colloque international de la Guadeloupe». Eds: Actschng & Areaps, pp 151–173
Léger L, Lambert J (1982) A maximal multistage 20 mshuttle run test to predict VO2max. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 49:1–12
Thompson WR (2020) Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2021. ACSMs Health Fit J 25(1):10–19. https://doi.org/10.1249/FIT.0000000000000631
Oliveira LB, Sant’ Ana J, Freccia GW, Coswig VS, Diefenthaeler F (2022) Validity of a mobile-based specific test to estimate metabolic thresholds in boxers. Proc Inst Mech Eng P J Sports Eng Technol. https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371221084563
Jamnick NA, Pettitt RW, Granata C, Pyne DB, Bishop DJ (2020) An examination and critique of current methods to determine exercise intensity. Sports Med 50(10):1729–1756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01322-8
Berthoin S, Pelayo P, Lensel-Corbeil G, Robin H, Gerbeaux M (1996) Comparison of maximal aerobic speed as assessed with laboratory and field measurements in moderately trained subjects. Int J Sports Med 17(7):525–529
Krustrup P, Mohr M, Amstrup T, Rysgaard T, Johansen J, Steensberg A, Pedersen PK, Bangsbo J (2003) The Yo-Yointermittent recovery test: physiological response, reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:697–705
Sant' Ana J, Diefenthaeler F (2029) Ecological validity of the Safe Runner Indoor App. In: II Symposium on physiomechanics of terrestrial locomotion, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Schabort EJ, Hopkins WG, Hawley JA (1998) Reproducibility of self-paced treadmill performance of trained endurance runners. Int J Sports Med 19:48–51
Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR (2001) Age predicted maximal heart revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:153–156
Jackson AS, Pollock ML (1978) Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. Br J Nutr 40(3):497–502
Jackson AS, Pollock ML, Ward A (1980) Generalized equations for prediction body density of women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 12(3):175–182
Siri WE (1961) Body composition from fluid spaces and density. In: Brozek J, Henschel A (eds) Techniques for measuring body composition. National Academy of Science, Washington DC, pp 223–244
Ferguson B (2014) ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 9th edn. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia
Kara M, Gökbel H, Bedìz C, Ergene N, Uçok K, Uysal H (1996) Determination of the heart rate deflection point by the Dmax method. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 36(1):31–34
Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Routledge, New York
Batterham A, Hopkins WG (2006) Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 1:50–57
Atkinson G, Nevill AM (1998) Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Med 26(4):217–238
Laursen PB, Shing CM, Peake JM, Coombes JS, Jenkins DG (2002) Interval training program optimization in highly trained endurance cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34(11):1801–1807. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200211000-00017
Sá-Filho AS, Alves W, Miranda TG, Portuga E, Machado S (2018) Analysis of reliability of peak treadmill running in maximum progressive effort test: influence of training level. MedicalExpress. https://doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress.2018.mo.001
Camarda SR, Tebexreni AS, Páfaro CN et al (2008) Comparison of maximal heart rate using the prediction equations proposed by Karvonen and Tanaka. Arq Bras Cardiol 91(5):311–314. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0066-782x2008001700005
Lamberts RP, Lambert MI (2009) Day-to-day variation in heart rate at different levels of submaximal exertion: implications for monitoring training. J Strength Cond Res 23(3):1005–1010
Bodner ME, Rhodes EC (2000) A review of the concept of the heart rate deflection point. Sports Med 30(1):31–46
Santʼ Ana J, Franchini E, Murias JM, Diefenthaeler F (2019) Validity of a Taekwondo-specific test to measure VO2peak and the heart rate deflection point. J Strength Cond Res 33(9):2523–2529. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002153
Assis Pereira PEDE, Piubelli Carrara VK, Mello Rissato G, Pereira Duarte JM, Fernandes Guerra RL, Silva Marques DE, Azevedo PH (2016) The relationship between the heart rate deflection point test and maximal lactate steady state. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 56(5):497–502
Segabinazi CP, Danilo FDS, Andrade FM (2016) Heart rate deflection point determined by Dmax method is reliable in recreationally trained runners. Arch Med Deporte 33(3):168–174
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the National Council of Scientific Research (CNPq) Brazil for the provision of the scholarship for F.D. and the Programa de Bolsas Universitárias de Santa Catarina (UNIEDU) for the provision of the scholarship for J.S.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
J.S., Y.A.S., L.J.C., and F.D. conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing - original draft, writing - review & editing, visualization. V.S.C. validation, resources, writing - review & editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Additional file 1:
Compliance with ethics requirements
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sant’ Ana, J., Sant’ Ana, Y.A., Coswig, V.S. et al. Reliability of the mobile App to measure aerobic training parameters during maximum incremental treadmill test. Sport Sci Health (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-023-01134-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-023-01134-z