Abstract
Introduction
The individual differences in exogenous and endogenous factors influence the various physiological and psychological processes related to athletic performance. The chronotypes reflect innate variation, which is essential to consider for obtaining significant outcomes in sports competitions and optimizing adequate recovery during rehabilitation following an injury. This systematic review aims to investigate the effect of chronotypes on athletic performance in the athletic population.
Method
The literature search for this review was carried out till 30th June 2021 from the following electronic databases—PubMed and Scopus about PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials and crossover studies consisting of the effect of chronotype on athletic performance in athletes irrespective of age and gender and having full text available in the English language were included while unpublished, Ph.D. thesis and duplicates were excluded.
Result
Initially 936 articles were identified from electronic search and out of the 13 studies (PEDro score = 7.8) meet the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies (12 out of 13) demonstrated a significant influence of chronotype over athletic performance based on outcomes of the various physical performance test.
Conclusion
The present systematic review demonstrates that chronotypes affect the athletic performance. Twelve out of 13 were found to have a significant effect of chronotypes on athletic performance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Currell K, Jeetendra AE (2008) Validity, reliability and sensitivity of measures of sporting performance. Sports Med 38(4):297–316 (REVIEW ARTICLE 0112-1642/08/0004-0297)
Reilly T, Waterhouse J (2009) Sports performance: is there evidence that the body clock plays a role? Eur J Appl Physiol 106:321–332
Thun E, Bjorvatn B, Flo E, Harris A, Pallesen S (2015) Sleep, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance. Sleep Med Rev 23:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.11.003 (Epub 2014 Nov 20 PMID: 25645125)
Cappaert TA (1999) Review: time of day effect on athletic perfor- mance: an update. J Strength Cond Res 13(4):412–421
Green DJ, Gillette R (1982) Circadian rhythm of firing rate recorded from single cells in the rat suprachiasmatic brain slice. Brain Res 245:198–200
Ralph MR, Foster RG, Davis FC et al (1990) Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period. Science 247:975–978
Minors D, Waterhouse J (1981) Circadian rhythms and the human Wright PSG. London
Akerstedt T (1979) Altered sleep/wake patterns and circadian rhythms. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 469:1–48
Reilly T (1990) Human circadian rhythms and exercise. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 18:165–180
Smolen sky MH, Tatar SE, Bergman SA, et al (1976) Circadian rhythmic aspects of human cardiovascular function: a review by chronobiologic statistical methods. Chronobiological 3:337–371
Veldhuis JD, Johnson ML, Iranmanesh A et al (1992) Rhythmic and non-rhythmic modes of anterior pituitary hormone release in man. In: Touitou Y, Haus E (eds) Biological rhythms in clinical and laboratory medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 277–291
le Froberg AT (1976) Interindividual differences in circadian patterns of catecholamine excretion, body temperature .Performance and subjective arousal. Biol Psychol 4:277–292
Montaruli A, Castelli L, Mulè A, Scurati R, Esposito F, Galasso L, Roveda E (2021) Biological rhythm and chronotype: new per- spectives in health. Biomolecules 11:487. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040487
Brown FM, Neft EE, LaJambe CM (2008) Collegiate rowing crew performance varies by morningness-eveningness. J Strength Cond Res 22:1894–1900
Winget C, DeRoshia C, Holley D (1985) Circadian rhythms and athletic performance. Med Sci Sport Exerc 17:498–516
Hayes LD (2010) Interactions of cortisol, testosterone, and resist- ance training: influence of circadian rhythms. Chronobiol Int 27(4):675–705
Starkie RL (1999) Effect of temperature on muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise in humans. Exp Physiol 84:775784
Natale V, Cicogna PC (2002) Morningness-eveningness dimen- sion: is it really a continuum? Pers Individ Differ 32:809–816
Adan A, Archer SN, Hidalgo MP, Di Milia L, Natale V, Randler C (2012) Circadian typology: a comprehensive review. Chronobiol Int 29(9):1153–1175
Mulè A, Galasso L, Castelli L, Condemi V, Bisconti AV, Esposito F, Roveda E, Montaruli A (2019) Effect of chronotype on rating of perceived exertion in active young people. Sport Sci Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-019-00610-9
Vitale JA, Weydahl A (2017) Chronotype, physical activity, and sport performance: a systematic review. Sports Med 47(9):1859–1868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0741-z (PMID: 28493061)
Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioan- nidis JP, Moher D, (2009) The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 6:e1000100
McCrary JM, Ackermann BJ, Halaki M (2015) A systematic review of the effects of upper body warm-up on performance and injury. Br390 J Sports Med 49(14):935–942
Facer-Childs E, Brandstaetter R (2015) Circadian chronotype composition is a major predictor of diurnal physical performance in teams. Front Neurol 6:208. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2015.00208
Vitale JA, Bonato M, Galasso L, La Torre A, Merati G, Montaruli A, Roveda E, Carandente F (2017) Sleep quality and high intensity interval training at two different times of day: a crossover study on the influence of the chronotype in male collegiate soccer players. Chronobiol Int 34(2):260–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2016.1256301 (Epub 2016 Dec 1 PMID: 27906554)
Roveda E, Mulè A, Galasso L, Castelli L, Scurati R, Michielon G, Esposito F, Caumo A, Montaruli A (2020) Effect of chronotype on motor skills specific to soccer in adolescent players. Chronobiol Int 37(4):552–563. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2020.1729787 (Epub 2020 Feb 24 PMID: 32093513)
Kunorozva L, Roden LC, Rae DE (2014) Perception of effort in morning-type cyclists is lower when exercising in the morning. J Sports Sci 32(10):917–925. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.873139
Lim E et al (2021) BMC sports science. Med Rehabil 13:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-020-00228-2
Ryan R, Bahnert A, Mcbrien J, Siegler J, Lovell R (2015) The effect of chronotype upon physical performance during australian rules football matches scheduled in the morning, afternoon and evening. J Austral Strength Condit 23:101–104
Anderson A et al (2018) Circadian effects on performance and effort in collegiate swimmers. J Circadian Rhythms 16(1):8. https://doi.org/10.5334/jcr.165
Ceylan Hİ, Günay AR The effects of time of day and chronotype on anticipation timing performance in team sports athletes
Facer-Childs E, Brandstaetter R (2015) The impact of circadian phenotype and time since awakening on diurnal performance in athletes. Curr Biol 25(4):518–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.036 (Epub 2015 Jan 29 PMID: 25639241)
Henst RH, Jaspers RT, Roden LC, Rae DE (2015) A chronotype comparison of South African and Dutch marathon runners: The role of scheduled race start times and effects on performance. Chronobiol Int 32(6):858–868. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2015.1048870 (Epub 2015 Jun 23 PMID: 26102236)
Rae DE, Stephenson KJ, Roden LC (2015) Factors to consider when assessing diurnal variation in sports performance: the influ- ence of chronotype and habitual training time-of-day. Eur J Appl Physiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3109-9
Vitale JA, La Torre A, Baldassarre R, Piacentini MF, Bonato M (2017) Ratings of perceived exertion and self-reported mood state in response to high intensity interval training. A crossover study on the effect of chronotype. Front Psychol 18(8):1232. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01232 (PMID: 28769855; PMCID: PMC5514349)
Smolen Sky MH, Scott PH, Barnes PJ et al (1986) The chronop- harmacology and chronotherapy of asthma. Annu Rev Chronop-harmacol 2:229–273
Williams N (2017) The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. Occup Med 67(5):404–405. https://doi.org/10.1093/occ-med/kqx063
Patel H, Alkhawam H, Madanieh R, Shah N, Kosmas CE, Kosmas TJ (2017) Aerobic vs anaerobic exercise training effects on the cardiovascular system. World J Cardiol 9(2):134–138. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v9.i2.134 (Published online 2017 Feb 26)
Sławińska M, Stolarski M, Jankowski KS (2019) Effects of chronotype and time of day on mood responses to CrossFit training. Chronobiol Int 36(2):237–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2018.1531016 (Epub 2018 Oct 19 PMID: 30339467)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maheshwari, D., Singla, D., Malhotra, D. et al. Circadian chronotypes and their effect on athletic performance: a systematic review. Sport Sci Health 18, 1161–1177 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-022-00929-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-022-00929-w