Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Green tea consumption reduces apelin and orexin-A in overweight and obese women with different training modalities

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Sport Sciences for Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aim

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea (GT) consumption combined with different training modalities on orexin-A and apelin in overweight and obese women, and then to explore the relationship between apelin, orexin-A and body composition changes in response to training protocols.

Methods

Forty-eight obese women participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of four groups: aerobic training group, resistance training group, combined training group, and control group (3 days a week for 10 weeks). All groups ingested the same dose of GT. Blood samples were collected to analyze fasting glucose, insulin resistance, apelin and orexin-A concentrations. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Blood samples were collected before each exercise training and 24 h after of the last session.

Results

Orexin-A and apelin were decreased significantly after all exercise training modalities, whereas no changes in response to control group. Aerobic group showed greater reduction of blood samples than resistance and combined group. No benefit of GT supplementation only (Control group) on apelin and orexin-A was observed. In addition, Correlation was found between apelin and orexin-A after exercise training.

Conclusion

All training modalities cause a reduction in insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, orexin-A and apelin in obese women. 10 weeks of aerobic exercise cause greater decreases in apelin and orexin-A than resistance and combined exercise trainings. In addition, the decrease in plasma apelin levels may contribute to reduction in orexin-A levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tjønna AE, Stølen TO, Bye A, Volden M, Slördahl SA, Ødegård R, Skogvoll E, Wisløff U (2009) Aerobic interval training reduces cardiovascular risk factors more than a multitreatment approach in overweight adolescents. Clin Sci 116(4):317–326

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Al-Daghri N (2008) Advancement in obesity management: leptin and adiponectin patents. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov 2:(3):200–203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dubnov G, Brzezinski A, Berry EM (2003) Weight control and the management of obesity after menopause: the role of physical activity. Maturitas 44(2):89–101

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Schjerve IE, Tyldum GA, Tjønna AE, Stølen T, Loennechen JP, Hansen HEM, Haram PM, Heinrich G, Bye A, Najjar SM, Smith GL, Slørdahl SA, Kemi OJ, Wisløff U (2008) Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults. Clin Sci 115:9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Van Gaal LF, Mertens IL, De Block CE (2006) Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease. Nature 444(7121):875–880

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lee S-Y, Chang H-J, Sung J, Kim KJ, Shin S, Cho I-J, Shim CY, Hong G-R, Chung N (2014) The impact of obesity on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis according to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity 22(7):1762–1768

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ichinose T, Nomura S, Someya Y, Akimoto S, Tachiyashiki K, Imaizumi K (2011) ‘Effect of endurance training supplemented with green tea extract on substrate metabolism during exercise in humans. Scand J Med Sci Sports 21(4):598–605

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hill JO (2005) Role of physical activity in preventing and treating obesity. J Appl Physiol 99(2):765–770

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Roberts CK (2004) Effects of exercise and diet on chronic disease. J Appl Physiol 98(1):3–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wolfram S, Wang Y, Thielecke F (2006) Anti-obesity effects of green tea: From bedside to bench. Mol Nutr Food Res 50(2):176–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Haghighatdoost F, Nobakht BF, Gh M, Hariri M (2018) Effect of green tea on plasma leptin and ghrelin levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Nutrition 45:17–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yu J, Song P, Perry R, Penfold C, Cooper AR (2017) The effectiveness of green tea or green tea extract on insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab J 41(4):251

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Ryu OH, Lee J, Lee KW, Kim HY, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Baik SH, Choi DS, Choi KM (2006) Effects of green tea consumption on inflammation, insulin resistance and pulse wave velocity in type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 71(3):356–358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cardoso GA, Salgado JM, M de C Cesar, Donado-Pestana CM (2013) The effects of green tea consumption and resistance training on body composition and resting metabolic rate in overweight or obese women. J Med Food 16(2):120–127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Banaii Borojeni J, Zadeh Hendijani B, Karimi M, Keshavarz S (2017) The effect of continues aerobic training with green tea supplementation on lipid profiles of inactive obese females. Ann Appl Sport Sci 5(1):45–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hoseini S, Nazarali P, Hanachi P, Khosravi N, Konstantaki M (2016) Combining green tea with aerobic exercise reduces central adiposity and serum lipid in sedentary women. Athens J Sport 3:253–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hajer GR, Van Haeften TW, Visseren FLJ (2008) Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases. Eur Heart J 29(24):2959–1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Huffman KM, Slentz CA, Bales CW, Houmard JA, Kraus WE (2008) Relationships between adipose tissue and cytokine responses to a randomized controlled exercise training intervention. Metabolism 57(4):577–583

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kershaw EE, Flier JS (2004) Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(6):2548–2556

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Boucher J, Masri B, Daviaud D, Gesta S, Guigné C, Mazzucotelli A, Castan-Laurell I, Tack I, Knibiehler B, Carpéné C, Audigier Y, Saulnier-Blache J-S, Valet P (2005) Apelin, a newly identified adipokine up-regulated by insulin and obesity. Endocrinology 146(4):1764–1771

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Galedari M, Azarbayjani MA, Peeri M (2017) Effects of type of exercise along with caloric restriction on plasma apelin 36 and HOMA-IR in overweight men. Sci Sports 32(4):e137–e145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Sheibani S, Hanachi P, Refahiat MA (2012) Effect of aerobic exercise on serum concentration of apelin, TNFα and insulin in obese women. Iran J Basic Med Sci 15(6):1196–1201

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Montazerifar F, Bakhshipour AR, Karajibani M, Torki Z, Dashipour AR (2017) Serum omentin-1, vaspin, and apelin levels and central obesity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Res Med Sci 22:70

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Habchi M, Duvillard L, Cottet V, Brindisi M-C, Bouillet B, Beacco M, Crevisy E, Buffier P, Baillot-Rudoni S, Verges B, Petit J-M (2014) Circulating Apelin is increased in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and is associated with better glycaemic control. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 81(5):696–701

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Li L, Yang G, Li Q, Tang Y, Yang M, Yang H, Li K (2006) Changes and relations of circulating visfatin, apelin, and resistin levels in normal, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 114(10):544–548

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Chieffi S, Carotenuto M, Monda V, Valenzano A, Villano I, Precenzano F, Tafuri D, Salerno M, Filippi N, Nuccio F, Ruberto M, De Luca V, Cipolloni L, Cibelli G, Mollica MP, Iacono D, Nigro E, Monda M, Messina G, Messina A (2017) Orexin system: the key for a healthy life. Front Physiol 8:357

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Kadoglou NPE, Vrabas IS, Kapelouzou A, Lampropoulos S, Sailer N, Kostakis A, Liapis CD, Angelopoulou N (2012) The impact of aerobic exercise training on novel adipokines, apelin and ghrelin, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Monit 18(5):CR290–CR295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang J, Ren CX, Qi YF, Lou LX, Chen L, Zhang LK, Wang X, Tang C (2006) Exercise training promotes expression of apelin and APJ of cardiovascular tissues in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 79(12):1153–1159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Alizadeh AA, Rahmani-Nia F, Mohebbi H, Zakerkish M (2015) Effects of eight weeks aerobic exercise on plasma levels of orexin a, leptin, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in males with type 2 diabetes. Iran J Diabetes Obes 7(2):62–68

    Google Scholar 

  30. Mohammadhassani F, Esfandiarinezhad A, Reza Asad M, Jafari A (2015) The effects of endurance training and high intensity interval training on orexin-A and anthropometric parameters in obese adolescent boys. J Sch Public Heal Inst Public Heal Res 13(1):99–112

    Google Scholar 

  31. Castan-Laurell I, Vitkova M, Daviaud D, Dray C, Kovacikova M, Kovacova Z, Hejnova J, Stich V, Valet P (2008) Effect of hypocaloric diet-induced weight loss in obese women on plasma apelin and adipose tissue expression of apelin and APJ. Eur J Endocrinol, 158(6):905–910

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ho SS, Dhaliwal SS, Hills AP, Pal S, Slentz C, Duscha B, Johnson J, Ketchum K, Aiken L, Samsa G, Houmard J, Bales C, Kraus W, Dumortier M, Brandou F, Perez-Martin A, Fedou C, Mercier J, Brun J, Johnson J, Slentz C, Houmard J, Samsa G, Duscha B, Aiken L, McCartney J, Tanner C, Kraus W, Sigal R, Kenny G, Boulé N, Wells G, Prud’homme D, Fortler M, Reid R, Tulloch H, Coyle D, Phillips P, Davidson L, Hudson R, Kilpatrick K, Kuk J, McMillan K, Janiszewski P, Lee S, Lam M, Ross R, Church T, Blair S, Cocreham S, Johannsen N, Johnson W, Kramer K, Mikus C, Myers V, Nauta M, Rodarte R, Karvonen M, Kentale E, Mustala O, Williams M, Haskell W, Ades P, Amsterdam E, Bittner V, Franklin B, Gulanick M, Laing S, Stewart K, Pal S, Khossousi A, Binns C, Dhaliwal S, Ellis V, Bairaktari E, Hatzidimou K, Tzallas C, Vini M, Katsaraki A, Tselepis A, Elisaf M, Tsolas O, Levy J, Matthews D, Hermans M, Zilversmit D, Shea T, Pal S, Ho N, Santos C, Dubois P, Mamo J, Croft K, Allister E, Littlewood R, White M, Bell K, Davies P, Cleghorn G, Grote R, Mackinnon L, Ritchie C, Hooper S, Abernethy P, Ho S, Dhaliwal S, Hills A, Pal S, Park D, Ransone J, O’Leary V, Marchetti C, Krishnan R, Stetzer B, Gonzalez F, Kirwan J, Weiss E, Racette S, Villareal D, Fontana L, Steger-May K, Schechtman K, Klein S, Holloszy J, Sarsan A, Ardic F, Özgen M, Topuz O, Sermez Y, Polak J, Klimcakova E, Moro C, Viguerie N, Berlan M, Hejnova J, Richterova B, Kraus I, Langin D, Stich V, Haffner S, Kraus W, Houmard J, Duscha B, Knetzger K, Wharton M, McCartney J, Bales C, Henes S, Samsa G, Otvos J, Dietschy J, Treuth M, Hunter G, Weinsier R, Kell S, Schutz Y, Tremblay A, Weinsier R, Nelson K, Wei M, Kampert J, Barlow C, Nichaman M, Gibbons L, Paffenbarger R, Blair S, Gulati M, Pandey D, Arnsdorf M, Lauderdale D, Thisted R, Wicklund R, Al-Hani A, Black H, LaMonte M, Blair S, Blake A, Miller W, Brown D, Ahmadizad S, Haghighi A, Hamedinia M, Achten J, Gleeson M, Jeukendrup A, Church T, Earnest C, Skinner J, Blair S, Ho S, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Dhaliwal S, Hills A, Pal S (2012) The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic, resistance or combination exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight and obese in a randomized trial. BMC Public Health 12(1):704

  33. Maud PJ, Foster C (2006) Physiological assessment of human fitness. Human Kinetics, p 319

  34. Soori R, Rezaeian N, Khosravi N, Ahmadizad S, Taleghani HM, Jourkesh M, Stannard SR (2017) Effects of water-based endurance training, resistance training, and combined water and resistance training programs on visfatin and ICAM-1 levels in sedentary obese women. Sci Sports 32(3):144–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Soori R, Rezaeian N, Khosravi N, Ahmadizad S, Taleghani HM, Jourkesh M, Stannard SR (2017) Effects of water-based endurance training, resistance training, and combined water and resistance training programs on visfatin and ICAM-1 levels in sedentary obese women [Effets comparés d’un entrainement en endurance, en résistance et combiné sur la visfatine et ICAM-1 chez des femmes obèses sédentaires]. Sci Sport 32(3):144–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. W. American College of Sports Medicine, Thompson WR, Gordon NF, Pescatello LS (2010) ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 8th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

  37. Dâmaso AR, Campos RMDS., Caranti DA, de Piano A, Fisberg M, Foschini D, Sanches PDL, Tock L, Lederman HM, Tufik S, de Mello MT (2014) Aerobic plus resistance training was more effective in improving the visceral adiposity, metabolic profile and inflammatory markers than aerobic training in obese adolescents. J Sports Sci 32(15):1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Ando H, Yanagihara H, Hayashi Y, Obi Y, Tsuruoka S, Takamura T, Kaneko S, Fujimura A (2005) Rhythmic messenger ribonucleic acid expression of clock genes and adipocytokines in mouse visceral adipose tissue. Endocrinology 146(12):5631–5636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28(7):412–419

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kim MK (2014) Clinical characteristics of OGTT-derived hepatic- and muscle insulin resistance in healthy young men. J Exerc Nutr Biochem 18(4):385–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Heinonen MV, Purhonen AK, Miettinen P, Pääkkönen M, Pirinen E, Alhava E, Åkerman K, Herzig KH (2005) ‘Apelin, orexin-A and leptin plasma levels in morbid obesity and effect of gastric banding’. Regul Pept 130(1–2):7–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Krist J, Wieder K, Klöting N, Oberbach A, Kralisch S, Wiesner T, Schön MR, Gärtner D, Dietrich A, Shang E, Lohmann T, Dreßler M, Fasshauer M, Stumvoll M, Blüher M (2013) Effects of weight loss and exercise on apelin serum concentrations and adipose tissue expression in human obesity. Obes Facts 6(1):57–69

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kadoglou NPE, Fotiadis G, Kapelouzou A, Kostakis A, Liapis CD, Vrabas IS (2013) The differential anti-inflammatory effects of exercise modalities and their association with early carotid atherosclerosis progression in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 30(2):e41–e50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kazemi F, Zahediasl S (2018) Effects of exercise training on adipose tissue apelin expression in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Gene 622:97–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wei L, Hou X, Tatemoto K (2005) Regulation of apelin mRNA expression by insulin and glucocorticoids in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Regul Pept 132:1–3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Sheibani S, Hanachi P, Refahiat MA (2012) Effect of aerobic exercise on serum concentration of apelin, TNFα and insulin in obese women. 15(6):1196–1201

  47. Adam JA, Menheere PPCA, Van Dielen FMH, Soeters PB, Buurman WA, Greve JWM (2002) Decreased plasma orexin-A levels in obese individuals. Int J Obes 26(2):274–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Dray C, Debard C, Jager J, Disse E, Daviaud D, Martin P, Attane C, Wanecq E, Guigne C, Bost F, Tanti JF, Laville M, Vidal H, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I (2010) Apelin and APJ regulation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice and humans. AJP Endocrinol Metab 298(6):E1161–E1169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. AminiLari Z, Fararouei M, Amanat S, Sinaei E, Dianatinasab S, AminiLari M, Daneshi N, Dianatinasab M (2017) The effect of 12 weeks aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises on omentin-1 levels and insulin resistance among type 2 diabetic middle-aged women. Diabetes Metab J 41(3):205

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Jorge MLMP, de Oliveira VN, Resende NM, Paraiso LF, Calixto A, Diniz ALD, Resende ES, Ropelle ER, Carvalheira JB, Espindola FS, Jorge PT, Geloneze B (2011) The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic control, inflammatory markers, adipocytokines, and muscle insulin signaling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 60(9):1244–1252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Rezaeshirazi R, Hossini F (2014) Comparison of the effect of continuous and intermittent aerobic training on plasma Visfatin and insulin resistance levels in obese males. Int J Sport Stud 4(1):26–31

    Google Scholar 

  52. Zehsaz F, Farhangi N, Mirheidari L (2014) ‘Clinical immunology The effect of aerobic training on CXL5, tumor necrosis factor α and insulin resistance index (HOMA- IR) in sedentary obese women’. Cent Eur J Immunol 3:365–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Oba S, Nagata C, Nakamura K, Fujii K, Kawachi T, Takatsuka N, Shimizu H (2010) Consumption of coffee, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, chocolate snacks and the caffeine content in relation to risk of diabetes in Japanese men and women. Br J Nutr 103(3):453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Toolsee NA, Aruoma OI, Gunness TK, Kowlessur S, Dambala V, Murad F, Googoolye K, Daus D, Indelicato J, Rondeau P, Bourdon E, Bahorun T (2013) Effectiveness of green tea in a randomized human cohort: relevance to diabetes and its complications. Biomed Res Int 2013:1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Liu K, Zhou R, Wang B, Chen K, Shi L-Y, Zhu J-D, Mi M-T (2013) Effect of green tea on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 98(2):340–348

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Sigal RJ, Alberga AS, Goldfield GS, Prud’homme D, Hadjiyannakis S, Gougeon R, Phillips P, Tulloch H, Malcolm J, Doucette S, Wells GA, Ma J, Kenny GP (2014) Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on percentage body fat and cardiometabolic risk markers in obese adolescents. JAMA Pediatr 168(11):1006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ho SS, Dhaliwal SS, Hills AP, Pal S (2012) The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic, resistance or combination exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight and obese in a randomized trial. BMC Public Health 12(1):704

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Park DH, Ransone JW (2003) Effects of submaximal exercise on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol subfractions. Int J Sports Med 24(4):245–251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Church TS, Blair SN, Cocreham S, Johannsen N, Johnson W, Kramer K, Mikus CR, Myers V, Nauta M, Rodarte RQ, Sparks L, Thompson A, Earnest CP (2010) Effects of aerobic and resistance training on hemoglobin A 1c levels in patients With type 2 diabetes. JAMA 304(20):2253

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. de Mello MT, de Piano A, Carnier J, Sanches PDL, Corrêa FA, Tock L, Ernandes RMY, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR (2011) Long-term effects of aerobic plus resistance training on the metabolic syndrome and adiponectinemia in obese adolescents. J Clin Hypertens 13(5):343–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Balducci S, Zanuso S, Nicolucci A, Fernando F, Cavallo S, Cardelli P, Fallucca S, Alessi E, Letizia C, Jimenez A, Fallucca F, Pugliese G (2010) Anti-inflammatory effect of exercise training in subjects with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome is dependent on exercise modalities and independent of weight loss. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 20(8):608–617

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Wang H, Wen Y, Du Y, Yan X, Guo H, Rycroft JA, Boon N, Kovacs EMR, Mela DJ (2010) Effects of catechin enriched green tea on body composition. Obesity 18(4):773–779

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Cabrera C, Artacho R, Giménez R (2006) Beneficial effects of green tea—a review. J Am Coll Nutr 25(2)79–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Kao Y-H, Chang H-H, Lee M-J, Chen C-L (2006) Tea, obesity, and diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 50(2):188–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Liu C-Y, Huang C-J, Huang L-H, Chen I-J, Chiu J-P, Hsu C-H (2014) Effects of green tea extract on insulin resistance and glucagon-like peptide 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes and lipid abnormalities: a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One 9(3):e91163

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Phung OJ, Baker WL, Matthews LJ, Lanosa M, Thorne A, Coleman CI (2010) Effect of green tea catechins with or without caffeine on anthropometric measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 91(1):73–81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Hursel R, Viechtbauer W, Westerterp-Plantenga MS (2009) The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes 33(9):956–961

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank all the participants who participated so willingly in this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14398-13117, Iran

    Rahman Soori, Azadeh Safei, Parisa Pournemati & Amine Ghram

Authors
  1. Rahman Soori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Azadeh Safei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Parisa Pournemati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amine Ghram
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rahman Soori.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

None of the authors have financial or other conflicts of interest in regards to this research.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standard of the University of Tehran and, the Ethics Committee of the University of Tehran approved all study procedures.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Soori, R., Safei, A., Pournemati, P. et al. Green tea consumption reduces apelin and orexin-A in overweight and obese women with different training modalities. Sport Sci Health 14, 421–431 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-018-0462-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-018-0462-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation