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Phylogenetic relationships among cultivated Zanthoxylum species in China based on cpDNA markers

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Abstract

We here present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of cultivated Zanthoxylum species which have a long history of cultivation both for economic and for chemical values in China. Three cpDNA markers, including matK, rbcL, and trnL-F, were sequenced, with the goals of untangling phylogenetic relationships and inferring biogeographic origin and patterns of distribution among Zanthoxylum species. Based on three cpDNA markers, 19 haplotypes with 64 polymorphic sites in Zanthoxylum provenances were identified in our study. A low genetic differentiation (G ST  = 0.271, N ST  = 0.373) was observed within Zanthoxylum provenances. Based on phylogenetic tree and haplotype network, all 19 haplotypes were grouped into six clusters. Our results also supported the hypothesis that the so-called “Green Huajiao” belongs to the species Zanthoxylum armatum rather than Zanthoxylum schinifolium. The results also revealed that haplotypes of two cultivated species, Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Z. armatum, most probably diverged during the Late Miocene. Ancestral area reconstruction indicated that cultivated Zanthoxylum species experienced multiple long-distance dispersal events and several vicariance events and the ancestors of Zanthoxylum first colonized Yunnan and Guizhou provinces (D). Accordingly, the current disjunct distribution of Z. bungeanum and Z. armatum may represent long-distance dispersal of ancestors popularly named “Dahongpao” and “Qinghuajiao,” respectively. It is concluded that cpDNA markers may provide a new conceptual and practical opportunity to evaluate genetic diversity and to identify local cultivars of Zanthoxylum, making it a valuable source to include into potential breeding programs.

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Data archiving statement

The haplotype sequences of plants (182 Zanthoxylum accessions) have been deposited in the GenBank under study number KT634157–KT634213.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China

    Shijing Feng, Lv Chen, Na Hou, Tuxi Yang & Anzhi Wei

  2. College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China

    Zhenshan Liu

  3. Walnut Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

    Na Hou

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  1. Shijing Feng
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  2. Zhenshan Liu
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  3. Lv Chen
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  4. Na Hou
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  5. Tuxi Yang
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  6. Anzhi Wei
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Correspondence to Anzhi Wei.

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Communicated by Y. Tsumura

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Feng, S., Liu, Z., Chen, L. et al. Phylogenetic relationships among cultivated Zanthoxylum species in China based on cpDNA markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes 12, 45 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-016-1005-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-016-1005-z

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