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A Review on the Security of the Internet of Things: Challenges and Solutions

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Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a modern wave of Internet technologies that promises great transformation of life in areas such as smart health, smart cities, smart homes, intelligent transport, amongst others. However, security often serves as a critical reason for the widespread adoption of any innovation. While the IoT has increased business productivity and enriched diverse areas of life over the years, the world is yet to see a methodical revolution of its humongous application and transformation given its ubiquity and highly interconnected global network structure. The main culprit for such lapses is principally attributed to security and privacy issues which have been widely discussed in research articles and reviews but remain largely unaddressed in the literature. Hence, this paper provides a state-of-the-art review of IoT security and its challenges. It overviews technical and legal solutions that are useful to private, organizational, and governmental enterprises. The study encompasses the review and security analysis of IoT’s evolution and revolution, IoT security assessments, requirements, current research challenges in security and much more. Consequently, it offers potential solutions to address the security challenges discussed and further present open research issues, research gaps, opportunities, future development, and recommendations. This overview is intended to serve as a knowledgebase that will proffer novel foresight to guide users and administrators in positioning themselves and their organizations in a manner that is consistent with their overall objectives, mission, and vision for remarkable outcomes. Likewise, interested scholars and researchers can explore topics and directions from the study in providing better solutions to the numerous problems in IoT security.

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Funding

This paper was partially supported by the Center for Cyber Safety and Education, Internal Revenue segregated fund of (ISC)2, Code. EIN: 45–2405127 via the (ISC)2 graduate cybersecurity scholarship award, 311 Park Place Blvd. Suite 610 Clearwater, FL 33759, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science, University Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, Malaysia

    Oludare Isaac Abiodun, Esther Omolara Abiodun & Moatsum Alawida

  2. Department of Computer Science, Bingham University, New Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

    Oludare Isaac Abiodun

  3. Department of Computer Information Systems, The University of Jordan, Aqaba, 77110, Jordan

    Rami S. Alkhawaldeh

  4. The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Humaira Arshad

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  1. Oludare Isaac Abiodun
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Correspondence to Esther Omolara Abiodun.

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Abiodun, O.I., Abiodun, E.O., Alawida, M. et al. A Review on the Security of the Internet of Things: Challenges and Solutions. Wireless Pers Commun 119, 2603–2637 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08348-9

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